FIGURE 2.

Biogenesis and identification of tissue‐derived EVs (Ti‐EVs). (a) Ti‐EVs are found in tissue interstitium released from various types of cells. (b) Ti‐EVs are released after double invagination and fusion of the plasma membrane with MVBs. Several proteins are implicated in EVs biogenesis and include Rab GTPases, ESCRT proteins, and SNARE family proteins. (c) Ti‐EVs have a complex composition of nucleic acids, protein, lipids, and metabolites. Some proteins are also used as markers for EVs (CD9, CD63, CD81, flotillin, TSG101, and ALIX). EVs surface proteins include cell adhesion proteins, integrins, cell‐type‐specific proteins, and so on