Figure 5.

Role of flavonoid exudates in noeI-dependent effects. (A) Flavonoid concentration in exudates collected from soybean roots inoculated with wild type (WT) and noeI mutant (Mutant) rhizobia, and from uninoculated soil (Control); ^* indicates significant differences among treatments (LSD test, p<0.05). (B) Taxonomic abundance differences between soil supplemented with flavonoids and control (STAMP; Welch’s t-test, p<0.05). (C) Redundancy analysis (RDA) of rhizosphere microbial community distribution and environmental factors, soil exchangeable magnesium (Mg²⁺). (D) The effects of dominant environmental factors on the structure of microbial communities in rhizosphere [variation partitioning analysis (VPA) independent variance; value <0 not shown].