Table 1.
Demographics of participants at the time of the interview.
| PANS* | Psychiatric control | Healthy control | Comparison between groups | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 24 | n = 46 | n = 35 | Statistics | |
| General parameters | ||||
| Sex, m/f | 11/13 | 22/24 | 23/12 | C2(2) = 3.3; p = 0.20 |
| Age, median (range) | 12.5 (8–36) | 17.5 (6–40) | 14 (4–33) | H(2) = 8.6; p = 0.014 |
| Number of diagnoses, median (range)** | 3.0 (1–11) | 5.00 (1–13) | 0 | U = 621.5; p = 0.39 |
| Beighton Score, median (range) | 2.0 (0–9) | 2.0 (0–7) | 2.0 (0–7) | H(2) = 0.31; p = 0.86 |
| Beighton Score ≥ 5, n (%) | 4 (17) | 9 (20) | 5 (14) | C2(2) = 0.40; p = 0.82 |
| Beighton Score ≥ 6, n (%) | 3 (13) | 5 (11) | 3 (9) | C2(2) = 0.25; p = 0.88 |
| Psychiatric diagnoses, n (%) | ||||
| Autism spectrum disorder | 4 (17%) | 18 (39%) | ||
| ADHD | 11 (46%) | 25 (54%) | ||
| Conduct disorder | 0 | 2 (4%) | ||
| Oppositional disorder | 5 (21%) | 16 (35%) | ||
| Tourette's and tic disorder | 13 (54%) | 12 (26%) | ||
| Obsessive compulsive disorder | 17 (71%) | 21 (46%) | ||
| Generalised anxiety disorder | 9 (38%) | 21 (46%) | ||
| Social anxiety disorder | 3 (13%) | 15 (32%) | ||
| Panic disordera | 6 (25%) | 14 (30%) | ||
| Agoraphobia | 3 (13%) | 10 (22%) | ||
| Anorexia nervosa | 1 (4%) | 0 | ||
| Bulimia nervosa | 0 | 2 (4%) | ||
| Depressive disordersa | 17 (71%) | 26 (57%) | ||
| Bipolar and related disordersa | 3 (13%) | 3 (7%) | ||
| Trauma related disorders | 1 (4%) | 3 (7%) | ||
| Schizophrenia spectrum disordersa | 9 (38%) | 11 (24%) | ||
PANS, paediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome; ADHD, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.
*
Lifetime paediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome (PANS).
**
Comparisons are made between PANS and psychiatric controls.
a
Lifetime diagnosis.