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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Surg Res. 2021 Aug 28;268:532–539. doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2021.07.029

Table 4.

Predicted probabilities of outcomes of patients treated by trial participants*

Outcomes Game Control

Pre-trial Post-trial Pre-trial Post-trial Difference-indifference

Probability (95% CI) Probability (95% CI) p Probability (95% CI) Probability (95% CI) p Probability p
Primary outcome
Under-triage 0.58 (0.48–0.68) 0.41 (0.31–0.50) 0.015 0.56 (0.46–0.67) 0.49 (0.39–0.59) 0.35 0.10 0.18
Secondary outcomes
Death during first episode of care 0.08 (0.04–0.13) 0.06 (0.02–0.10) 0.45 0.07 (0.02–0.12) 0.12 (0.07–0.17) 0.27 0.07 0.15
Death within 30 days 0.19 (0.12–0.25) 0.12 (0.07–0.18) 0.17 0.27 (0.17–0.37) 0.23 (0.16–0.30) 0.58 0.03 0.48
Readmission within 30 days 0.19 (0.12–0.26) 0.17 (0.10–0.24) 0.73 0.09 (0.03–0.15) 0.17 (0.10–0.23) 0.13 0.10 0.10

Sensitivity analyses
Analysis restricted to physicians who completed study tasks
Under-triage 0.61 (0.51–0.72) 0.40 (0.30–0.51) <0.001 0.58 (0.46–0.71) 0.49 (0.38–0.60) 0.26 0.12 0.17
Level III-V trauma centers reclassified as non-trauma centers
Under-triage 0.55 (0.46–0.63) 0.47 (0.38–0.56) 0.20 0.58 (0.49–0.68) 0.5 (0.41–0.58) 0.16 0 0.83
*

Predicted probabilities of outcomes from a series of mixed effects logistic regression models, clustered at the physician-level. The independent variable was the exposure of the physician. We adjusted for the year of the patient’s presentation and included the trial period as an interaction term. We did not include the trial (i.e. first or second) because of collinearity with the year of presentation.