Table 1.
Patient and Facility Characteristics of Younger (18-64) vs Older (65+) TBI Patients Receiving Inpatient Rehabilitation (N=221961)
| Variables | Values | Overall (N=221961) |
Younger (18-64) (N=99614, 44.88%) |
Older (65+) (N=122347, 55.12%) |
p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sociodemographic characteristics | |||||
| Age | Years, Mean (SD) | 62.25 (21.35) | 42.14 (14.68) | 78.62 (7.37) | NA |
| Sex | Female | 86215 (38.84%) | 28548 (28.66%) | 57667 (47.13%) | <0.0001 |
| Race/Ethnicity | White | 173617 (78.22%) | 70610 (70.88%) | 103007(84.19%) | <0.0001 |
| Black | 18175 (8.19%) | 11877 (11.92%) | 6298 (5.15%) | ||
| Hispanic/Latino | 15394 (6.94%) | 9754 (9.79%) | 5640 (4.61%) | ||
| Other | 14775 (6.66%) | 7373 (7.4%) | 7402 (6.05%) | ||
| Marital status | Never Married | 57827 (26.05%) | 46935 (47.12%) | 10892 (8.90%) | <0.0001 |
| Married | 101438 (45.70%) | 37611 (37.76%) | 63827 (52.17%) | ||
| Widowed | 40792 (18.38%) | 2173 (2.18%) | 38619 (31.57%) | ||
| Separated | 3029 (1.36%) | 2186 (2.19%) | 843 (0.69%) | ||
| Divorced | 18875 (8.50%) | 10709 (10.75%) | 8166 (6.67%) | ||
| Pre-admission living arrangement | Alone | 57127 (25.74%) | 19489 (19.56%) | 37638 (30.76%) | <0.0001 |
| Family/Relatives | 152531 (68.72%) | 71020 (71.3%) | 81511 (66.62%) | ||
| Friends | 8850 (3.99%) | 7485 (7.51 %) | 1365 (1.12%) | ||
| Other | 3453 (1.56%) | 1620 (1.63%) | 1833 (1.5%) | ||
| Discharge living arrangement ** | Alone | 12128 (7.76%) | 4144 (5.06%) | 7984 (10.71%) | NA |
| Family/Relatives | 134965 (86.31%) | 72356 (88.40%) | 62609 (84.01%) | ||
| Friends | 4427 (2.83%) | 3445 (4.21%) | 982 (1.32%) | ||
| Other | 4859 (3.11%) | 1910 (2.33%) | 2949 (3.96%) | ||
| Insurance status | None | 8365 (3.77%) | 8190 (8.22%) | 175 (0.14%) | <0.0001 |
| Medicare | 124810 (56.23%) | 12538 (12.59%) | 112272 (91.77%) | ||
| Medicaid | 18670 (8.41%) | 17925 (17.99%) | 745 (0.61%) | ||
| Private | 66150 (29.80%) | 57515 (57.74%) | 8635 (7.06%) | ||
| Other | 3966 (1.79%) | 3446 (3.46%) | 520 (0.43%) | ||
| Clinical characteristics | |||||
| CMG Comorbidity Tier | Tier 0/None | 120271 (54.19%) | 52136 (52.34%) | 68135 (55.69%) | <0.0001 |
| Tier 1 | 14002 (6.31%) | 10767 (10.81%) | 3235 (2.64%) | ||
| Tier 2 | 42418 (19.11%) | 19891 (19.97%) | 22527 (18.41%) | ||
| Tier 3 | 45270 (20.40%) | 16820 (16.89%) | 28450 (23.25%) | ||
| Comorbidities | Infectious and Parasitic Diseases | 339 (0.15%) | 79 (0.08%) | 260 (0.21%) | <0.0001 |
| Neoplasms | 259 (0.12%) | 179 (0.18%) | 80 (0.07%) | <0.0001 | |
| Endocrine, Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases, and Immunity Disorders | 15983 (7.20%) | 4190 (4.21%) | 11793 (9.64%) | <0.0001 | |
| Diseases of the Blood and Blood-Forming Organs | 6966 (3.14%) | 2470 (2.48%) | 4496 (3.67%) | <0.0001 | |
| Mental Disorders | 10659 (4.80%) | 5592 (5.61%) | 5067 (4.14%) | <0.0001 | |
| Diseases of the Nervous System and Sense Organs | 8930 (4.02%) | 3350 (3.36%) | 5580 (4.56%) | <0.0001 | |
| Diseases of the Circulatory System | 21164 (9.54%) | 1451 (1.46%) | 2239 (1.83%) | ||
| Diseases of the Respiratory System | 962 (0.43%) | 522 (0.52%) | 440 (0.36%) | <0.0001 | |
| Diseases of the Digestive System | 4646 (2.09%) | 1359 (1.36%) | 3287 (2.69%) | <0.0001 | |
| Diseases of the Genitourinary System | 4508 (2.03%) | 1048 (1.05%) | 3460 (2.83%) | <0.0001 | |
| Diseases of the Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue | 984 (0.44%) | 381 (0.38%) | 603 (0.49%) | <0.0001 | |
| Diseases of the Musculoskeletal System and Connective Tissue | 6749 (3.04%) | 2583 (2.59%) | 4166 (3.41%) | <0.0001 | |
| Symptoms, Signs, And Ill-Defined Conditions | 20956 (9.44%) | 8408 (8.44%) | 12548 (10.26%) | <0.0001 | |
| Injury and Poisoning | 1826 (0.82%) | 1165 (1.17%) | 661 (0.54%) | <0.0001 | |
| Supplementary Classification of External Causes of Injury and Poisoning | 2267 (1.02%) | 687 (0.69%) | 1580 (1.29%) | <0.0001 | |
| Supplementary Classification of Factors Influencing Health Status and Contact with Health Service | 15316 (6.90%) | 6555 (6.58%) | 8761 (7.16%) | <0.0001 | |
| Complications | Infectious and Parasitic Diseases | 504 (0.23%) | 152 (0.15%) | 352 (0.29%) | <0.0001 |
| Neoplasms | 155 (0.07%) | 113 (0.11%) | 42 (0.03%) | <0.0001 | |
| Endocrine, Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases, and Immunity Disorders | 6884 (3.10%) | 2215 (2.22%) | 4669 (3.82%) | <0.0001 | |
| Diseases of The Blood and Blood-Forming Organs | 2552 (1.15%) | 1034 (1.04%) | 1518 (1.24%) | <0.0001 | |
| Mental Disorders | 3357 (1.51%) | 1650 (1.66%) | 1707 (1.4%) | <0.0001 | |
| Diseases of The Nervous System and Sense Organs | 1262 (0.57%) | 679 (0.68%) | 583 (0.48%) | <0.0001 | |
| Diseases of The Circulatory System | 3690 (1.66%) | 1451 (1.46%) | 2239 (1.83%) | <0.0001 | |
| Diseases of The Respiratory System | 508 (0.23%) | 176 (0.18%) | 332 (0.27%) | <0.0001 | |
| Diseases of the Digestive System | 943 (0.42%) | 478 (0.48%) | 465 (0.38%) | <0.0001 | |
| Diseases of The Genitourinary System | 1900 (0.86%) | 445 (0.45%) | 1455 (1.19%) | <0.0001 | |
| Diseases of the Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue | 1015 (0.46%) | 469 (0.47%) | 546 (0.45%) | 0.3939 | |
| Diseases of the Musculoskeletal System and Connective Tissue | 3065 (1.38%) | 1563 (1.57%) | 1502 (1.23%) | <0.0001 | |
| Symptoms, Signs, And Ill-Defined Conditions | 12178 (5.49%) | 5242 (5.26%) | 6936 (5.67%) | <0.0001 | |
| Injury and Poisoning | 322 (0.15%) | 181 (0.18%) | 141 (0.12%) | <0.0001 | |
| Supplementary Classification of External Causes of Injury and Poisoning | 577 (0.26%) | 245 (0.25%) | 332 (0.27%) | 0.2423 | |
| Supplementary Classification of Factors Influencing Health Status and Contact with Health Service | 1352 (0.61%) | 698 (0.7%) | 654 (0.53%) | <0.0001 | |
| Admission Motor Function | Admission FIM Motor Score, Mean (SD) | 36.41 (14.06) | 38.03 (15.74) | 35.09 (12.37) | <0.0001 |
| Admission Cognitive Function | Admission FIM Cognitive Score, Mean (SD) | 17.97 (7.62) | 16.79 (7.88) | 18.93 (7.27) | <0.0001 |
| Discharge Motor Function | Discharge FIM Motor Score, Mean (SD) | 60.94 (14.93) | 64.78 (14.80) | 57.83 (14.29) | <0.0001 |
| Discharge Cognitive Function | Discharge FIM Cognitive Score, Mean (SD) | 24.51 (6.61) | 24.39 (6.67) | 24.60 (6.56) | <0.0001 |
| Days Onset to Admission | Number of days, Mean (SD) | 14.74 (21.25) | 19.83 (25.69) | 10.59 (15.61) | <0.0001 |
| Length of Stay | Number of days, Mean (SD) | 16.11 (12.45) | 17.89 (16.41) | 14.67 (7.58) | <0.0001 |
| Year of Admission | 2002 | 10459 (4.71%) | 6107 (6.13%) | 4352 (3.56%) | <0.0001 |
| 2003 | 10663 (4.80%) | 5971 (5.99%) | 4692 (3.83%) | ||
| 2004 | 11046 (4.98%) | 5885 (5.91%) | 5161 (4.22%) | ||
| 2005 | 12415 (5.59%) | 6586 (6.61%) | 5829 (4.76%) | ||
| 2006 | 12719 (5.73%) | 6628 (6.65%) | 6091 (4.98%) | ||
| 2007 | 12840 (5.78%) | 6462 (6.49%) | 6378 (5.21%) | ||
| 2008 | 13848 (6.24%) | 6863 (6.89%) | 6985 (5.71%) | ||
| 2009 | 14025 (6.32%) | 6345 (6.37%) | 7680 (6.28%) | ||
| 2010 | 13512 (6.09%) | 6175 (6.2%) | 7337 (6%) | ||
| 2011 | 13674 (6.16%) | 6071 (6.09%) | 7603 (6.21%) | ||
| 2012 | 14276 (6.43%) | 6157 (6.18%) | 8119 (6.64%) | ||
| 2013 | 14292 (6.44%) | 6096 (6.12%) | 8196 (6.7%) | ||
| 2014 | 10060 (4.53%) | 4091 (4.11%) | 5969 (4.88%) | ||
| 2015 | 13876 (6.25%) | 4975 (4.99%) | 8901 (7.28%) | ||
| 2016 | 13748 (6.19%) | 4970 (4.99%) | 8778 (7.17%) | ||
| 2017 | 15109 (6.81%) | 5215 (5.24%) | 9894 (8.09%) | ||
| 2018 | 15399 (6.94%) | 5017 (5.04%) | 10382 (8.49%) | ||
| Facility Characteristics | |||||
| IRF location | Region P01 : CT, MA, ME, NH, RI, VT | 10501 (4.73%) | 4234 (4.25%) | 6267 (5.12%) | <0.0001 |
| Region P02 : NJ, NY, PR | 19707 (8.88%) | 8359 (8.39%) | 11348 (9.28%) | ||
| Region P03 : DE, MD, PA, VA, WV | 30555 (13.77%) | 12530 (12.58%) | 18025 (14.73%) | ||
| Region P04: AL, FL, GA, KT, MS, NC, TN, SC | 39579 (17.83%) | 17185 (17.25%) | 22394 (18.3%) | ||
| Region P05: IL, IN, MI, MN, OH, WI | 33136 (14.93%) | 15026 (15.08%) | 18110 (14.8%) | ||
| Region P06: AR, LA, NM, OK, TX | 28047 (12.64%) | 11246 (11.29%) | 16801 (13.73%) | ||
| Region P07: IA, KS, MO, NE | 13683 (6.16%) | 6658 (6.68%) | 7025 (5.74%) | ||
| Region P08: CO, MT, ND, SD, UT, WY | 12301 (5.54%) | 7473 (7.5%) | 4828 (3.95%) | ||
| Region P09: AZ, CA, HI, NV | 27503 (12.39%) | 12825 (12.87%) | 14678 (12%) | ||
| Region P10: AK, ID, OR, WA | 6949 (3.13%) | 4078 (4.09%) | 2871 (2.35%) | ||
| IRF type | Freestanding | 80421 (36.23%) | 35023 (35.16%) | 45398 (37.11%) | <0.0001 |
| Rehab Unit in Hospital | 141540 (63.77%) | 64591 (64.84%) | 76949 (62.89%) | ||
| IRF accreditation | Accreditation (Joint Commission and/or CARF) | 140971 (63.51%) | 70609 (70.88%) | 70362 (57.51%) | <0.0001 |
| No accreditation | 80990 (36.49%) | 29005 (29.12%) | 51985 (42.49%) | ||
| Discharge Destination | Home/community settings | 186460 (84%) | 88894 (89.24%) | 97566 (79.75%) | <0.0001 |
| Subacute settings | 35501 (16%) | 10720 (10.76%) | 24781 (20.25%) | ||
Note:
**
Discharge living arrangement only reported for those who went home, N=65582 missing; FIM = Functional Independence Measure; CARF = Commission on Accreditation of Rehabilitation Facilities; CMG = case mix group