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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Gastroenterology. 2021 Sep 14;162(1):253–268.e13. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.09.017

Figure 4. MUC5AC enhances glutamine uptake and utilization in human PC cells and murine organoids.

Figure 4.

(A) Schematic representation of c-Myc-mediated coupling of glutamine transporters for glutamine/glutamate flux. (B) Luminescence-based metabolic flux assay to demonstrate unconsumed glutamine and effluxed glutamate in the culture supernatant of FG-Scr and FG-Sh5AC cells with gemcitabine treatment (the data at each time-point is normalized by the respective untreated FG-Scr controls). (C) Real-time apoptosis assay demonstrating the relative caspase 3/7 incorporation in gem-treated FG-Scr cells upon transient knockdowns of β-catenin, c-Myc, and SLC1A5, compared to gem-treated FG-Sh5AC group (all datapoints normalized to untreated FG-Scr controls). (D-E) Cell viability assay demonstrating gemcitabine-mediated cytotoxicity of FG-Scr, FG-Sh5AC, SW-Scr, and SW-Sh5AC cells upon glutamine deprivation, followed by the rescue of viability with glutamine replenishment. (F-G) Quantitation and representative organoid pictures demonstrating the real-time kinetics the loss of viability of KC and KCM organoids after treatment with gemcitabine and CB-839. * P value < .05, ** P value < .01, scale bars 1000 microns for organoid images.