Table 4:

Association between MWFs and diabetic nephropathy: Exposure modeled categorically in Fine and Gray competing risk regression, White and Black males separately

4B. Black Males
	Cumulative exposure mg/m3-yr,		Cases N=123		Person-years*
MWF type	Percentile	15-yr lag	N	%	%	sHR†	95% CI
Straight		0	59	47.97	54.16	Ref
	<25	>0 – <0.3	16	13.01	14.37	0.78	0.39, 1.56
	25 – <50	0.3 – <0.9	11	8.94	11.09	0.58	0.27, 1.25
	50 – <75	0.9 – <3.0	17	13.82	9.66	0.98	0.56, 1.75
	≥75	≥3.0	20	16.26	10.71	1.04	0.62, 1.75
		p-value					0.22
Soluble		0	16	13.01	28.60	Ref
	<25	<2.2	24	19.51	22.98	1.16	0.58, 2.38
	25 – <50	2.2 – <6.2	32	26.02	20.27	1.56	0.79, 3.08
	50 – <75	6.2 – <16.2	26	21.14	16.71	1.19	0.59, 2.41
	≥75	≥16.2	25	20.33	11.44	1.36	0.66, 2.79
		p-value					0.43
Synthetic		0	88	71.54	73.45	Ref
	<25	0 – <0.2	9	7.32	8.78	0.73	0.31, 1.72
	25 – <50	0.2 – <0.5	3	2.44	4.74	0.46	0.12, 1.72
	50 – <75	0.5 – <1.5	11	8.94	5.80	1.29	0.63, 2.66
	≥75	≥1.5	12	9.76	7.24	0.91	0.48, 1.72
		p-value					0.37
4B. Black Males
	Cumulative exposure mg/m3-yr,		Cases N=61		Person-years**
MWF type	Percentile	15-yr lag	N	%	%	sHR†	95% CI
Straight		0	38	62.30	65.59	Ref
	<50	>0 – <0.9	13	21.31	19.57	0.48	0.25, 0.91
	≥50	≥0.9	10	16.39	14.90	0.58	0.28, 1.18
		p-value					0.15
Soluble		0	4	6.56	30.23	Ref
	<25	>0 – <2.2	17	27.87	22.51	1.89	0.62, 5.83
	25-<50	2.2 – <6.2	10	16.39	15.78	1.12	0.33, 3.85
	≥50	≥6.2	30	49.18	31.48	2.10	0.71, 6.20
		p-value					0.95
Synthetic		0	46	75.41	87.12	Ref
		>0	15	24.59	12.88	3.08 ‡	1.70, 5.58
		p-value					0.19

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; ESRD, end-stage renal disease; HR, hazard ratio; MWF, metalworking fluids

^*White males contributed 717,575 person-years

^**Black males contributed 146,374 person-years

^†Adjusted for age, calendar year, year hired, plant, other MWFs, and time since hire (as the analytic timeline)

^‡p-value from trend test