Table 3.

Crude and adjusted relative risks for cesarean birth and maternal morbidity, and crude and adjusted odds of indication for cesarean, by race and ethnicity^*

	Non-Hispanic Black* RR (95% CI)			Hispanic* RR (95% CI)
Outcome	Model 1 Unadjusted	Model 2 Adjusted for clinical factors†	Model 3 Adjusted for clinical and SES factors‡	Model 1 Unadjusted	Model 2 Adjusted for clinical factors†	Model 3 Adjusted for clinical and SES factors‡
Cesarean birth	1.30 (1.14-1.47)	1.28 (1.11-1.47)	1.21 (1.03-1.42)	1.25 (1.10-1.41)	1.29 (1.13-1.47)	1.26 (1.08-1.46)
Cesarean indication§
Non-reassuring fetal status	2.00 (1.62-2.47)	1.97 (1.55-2.51)	1.74 (1.32-2.29)	1.62 (1.31-2.00)	1.67 (1.33-2.11)	1.51 (1.16-1.97)
Labor Dystocia	0.94 (0.74-1.19)	0.93 (0.71-1.21)	0.90 (0.66-1.21)	1.09 (0.88-1.35)	1.16 (0.92-1.48)	1.21 (0.92-1.59)
Other	1.05 (0.61-1.80)	1.21 (0.55-2.66)	1.29 (0.53-3.12)	1.22 (0.75-1.99)	1.63 (0.85-3.15)	1.66 (0.77-3.58)
Maternal morbidity composite‖	2.35 (1.51-3.65)	2.22 (1.41-3.48)	2.05 (1.21-3.47)	2.48 (1.63-3.78)	2.21 (1.44-3.37)	1.92 (1.17-3.14)
Adjusted for cesarean birth¶	---	---	1.84 (1.11-3.05)	---	---	1.76 (1.10-2.83)

Abbreviations: RR – relative risk; CI – confidence interval

^*All models, including the multinomial model for cesarean indication, use vaginal birth as the outcome referent, and non-Hispanic White as the race and ethnicity referent.

^†Clinical factors include: maternal age, maternal body mass index (BMI) at admission, modified Bishop score, and treatment group.

^‡SES factors include: employment status, insurance status, and marital status

^§Multinomial models for cesarean indication produce crude and adjusted odds ratios

^‖Maternal morbidity composite defined as in Table 2/text. Maternal morbidity models are additionally adjusted for chorioamnionitis during labor and exclude modified Bishop score as a covariate.

^¶Maternal morbidity Model 3 additionally adjusted for cesarean birth