Table 2:
Immunohistochemical analyses of HKDC1 protein expression
| System | Organ/Tissue | Comments | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gastrointestinal | Colon | Strong HKDC1 expression restricted to the epithelial cells of the villi | [13] |
| Liver | Diffuse, low level expression in hepatocytes | ||
| Genitourinary | Kidney | HKDC1 expression predominately in the renal tubules | [13] |
| Cardiovascular | Heart | Weak intensity* staining in cardiomyocytes | [14] |
| Endocrine | Thyroid | Moderate to strong intensity staining in the follicular epithelium | [14] |
| Gastrointestinal | Esophagus | Moderate intensity staining in the suprabasal squamous epithelium | [14] |
| Weak intensity staining in basal layer | |||
| Stomach | Strong intensity staining in parietal and chief cells | [14] | |
| Moderate intensity staining in the superficial foveolar epithelium | |||
| Small intestine | Strong intensity staining in the villous brush border | [14] | |
| Colon | Strong intensity staining in the surface epithelium | [14] | |
| Weak intensity staining in the crypt base epithelium | |||
| Liver | Weak intensity staining in the interlobular bile duct | [14] | |
| Pancreas** | Strong intensity staining in the larger and interlobular pancreatic ducts, acinar centrocytes | [14] | |
| Genitourinary | Kidney | Mostly weak intensity staining in the renal tubule and glomerulus | [14] |
| Prostate | Moderate intensity staining in basal cells | [14] | |
| Weak to moderate intensity staining in stromal cells | |||
| Weak intensity staining in the gland epithelium | |||
| Testes | Weak intensity staining in spermatocytes | [14] | |
| Integumentary | Skin | Moderate intensity staining in the sweat gland duct | [14] |
| Weak intensity staining in the epidermis, hair follicle, and sweat gland | |||
| Lymphatic | Spleen | Weak to moderate intensity staining in white pulp | [14] |
| Weak intensity staining in red pulp | |||
| Pulmonary | Lung | Strong intensity staining in alveolar macrophages | [14] |
| Moderate intensity staining in the bronchial epithelium | |||
| Weak intensity staining in alveolar lining cells |
HKDC1 immunostaining assessed by estimating the intensity of cytoplasmic staining and assigning it to one of four categories: no staining, weak-positive, moderate-positive, or strong positive staining
In the pancreas, the most intense HKDC1 staining was seen in exocrine tissue; pancreatic islet cells of the endocrine system exhibited weak intensity staining