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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2021 Nov 12;33(1):72–84. doi: 10.1016/j.tem.2021.10.006

Table 2:

Immunohistochemical analyses of HKDC1 protein expression

System Organ/Tissue Comments Reference
Gastrointestinal Colon Strong HKDC1 expression restricted to the epithelial cells of the villi [13]
Liver Diffuse, low level expression in hepatocytes
Genitourinary Kidney HKDC1 expression predominately in the renal tubules [13]
Cardiovascular Heart Weak intensity* staining in cardiomyocytes [14]
Endocrine Thyroid Moderate to strong intensity staining in the follicular epithelium [14]
Gastrointestinal Esophagus Moderate intensity staining in the suprabasal squamous epithelium [14]
Weak intensity staining in basal layer
Stomach Strong intensity staining in parietal and chief cells [14]
Moderate intensity staining in the superficial foveolar epithelium
Small intestine Strong intensity staining in the villous brush border [14]
Colon Strong intensity staining in the surface epithelium [14]
Weak intensity staining in the crypt base epithelium
Liver Weak intensity staining in the interlobular bile duct [14]
Pancreas** Strong intensity staining in the larger and interlobular pancreatic ducts, acinar centrocytes [14]
Genitourinary Kidney Mostly weak intensity staining in the renal tubule and glomerulus [14]
Prostate Moderate intensity staining in basal cells [14]
Weak to moderate intensity staining in stromal cells
Weak intensity staining in the gland epithelium
Testes Weak intensity staining in spermatocytes [14]
Integumentary Skin Moderate intensity staining in the sweat gland duct [14]
Weak intensity staining in the epidermis, hair follicle, and sweat gland
Lymphatic Spleen Weak to moderate intensity staining in white pulp [14]
Weak intensity staining in red pulp
Pulmonary Lung Strong intensity staining in alveolar macrophages [14]
Moderate intensity staining in the bronchial epithelium
Weak intensity staining in alveolar lining cells
*

HKDC1 immunostaining assessed by estimating the intensity of cytoplasmic staining and assigning it to one of four categories: no staining, weak-positive, moderate-positive, or strong positive staining

**

In the pancreas, the most intense HKDC1 staining was seen in exocrine tissue; pancreatic islet cells of the endocrine system exhibited weak intensity staining