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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Am J Cardiol. 2021 Oct 28;162:100–104. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2021.09.013

Table 1.

Characteristics of the Included Randomized Controlled Trials

Trial Name Enrollment Period No. Sites & Countries No. of Participants Inclusion criteria Control group Primary (1°), Secondary (2°), Post-hoc Outcomes
CRYSTAL AF, 201411 6/2009 – 4/2012 55 sites, Europe, Canada, US ILR: 221
Control: 220		 ≥40 yrs, CS ECG, Holter, event monitor 1°: AF at 6-mo. 2°: AF at 12-mo., stroke/TIA, change in OAC use
STROKE-AF , 202112 5/2015–11/2017 33 sites, US ILR: 242
Control: 250		 ≥60 yrs
LAA or lacunar		 ECG, Holter, event monitor, MCT 1°: AF at 12-mo. 2°: AF at 36-mo. Post-hoc: AF at 6-mo., stroke/TIA, OAC use
PER DIEM , 202113 4/2016–7/2019 3 sites, Canada ILR: 150
Control: 150		 ≥18 yrs
All strokes		 30-day external loop recorder 1°: AF at 12-mo. 2°: AF or death, time to AF, stroke/TIA, ICH, MB ≤12-mo.

Abbreviations: AF, atrial fibrillation; CRYSTAL AF, Cryptogenic Stroke and Underlying Atrial fibrillation; CS, cryptogenic stroke; ECG, electrocardiogram; ICH, intracranial hemorrhage; ILR, implantable loop recorder; LAA, large-artery atherosclerosis; MB, major bleeding; MCT, mobile cardiac telemetry; PER DIEM, Post-Embolic Rhythm Detection with Implantable vs External Monitoring; OAC, oral anticoagulation; STROKE-AF, Stroke of Known Cause and Underlying Atrial Fibrillation; TIA, transient ischemic attack; US, United States; Yrs, years.