. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Dec 1.

Published in final edited form as: Psychol Assess. 2021 Jun 17;33(12):1192–1199. doi: 10.1037/pas0001047

Table 7.

Diagnostic Accuracy of Prior Studies Using the NSI SVTs and mBIAS

	Cooper, 2011	Vanderploeg, 2013	Lange, 2015	Lippa, 2016	Armistead-Jehle, 2018	Bodapati, 2019	Ashendorf, 2020
N	403	206 (cross-validation)	63	117	359	183	82
Sample Criterion	DoD, TBI > 1.5 SD on NSI and PCL-M	DoD, TBI PAI NIM	DoD, TBI MMPI-2-RF (overreporting scales)	VA, mixed MMPI-2 (F, FBS)	DoD, TBI MMPI-2-RF (overreporting scales)	VA, TBI MMPI-2-RF (overreporting scales)	VA, TBI MMPI-2-RF (overreporting scales)
NSI Total		> 58 (.59/.84)				≥ 57 (.43/.97) ≥ 67 (.33/.95)	53 (.51/1.0) 51 (.57/.91)
NSI Total		> 58 (.59/.84)				≥ 51 (.59/.91) ≥ 63 (.52/.91)
Validity-10		> 22 (.61/.85)	≥ 13 (.63/.97)		≥ 7 (.89/.48) ≥ 33 (.01/1.0)	≥ 22 (.41/.96) ≥ 27 (.27/.95)	17 (.59/.91) 19 (.49/.97)
Validity-10		> 22 (.61/.85)	≥ 11 (.71/.92)		≥ 17 (.42/.92)	≥ 21 (.47/.92) ≥ 24 (.52/.91)
mBIAS	≥ 8 (.94/.92)		≥ 8 (.17/1.00)	≥ 11 (.31–.57/.89–.94)	≥ 10 (.15/1.0)		Fs ≥ 9 (.32/.90)
mBIAS	≥ 8 (.94/.92)		≥ 7 (.21/.92)	≥ 16 (.00–.11/.98–1.0)	≥ 8 (.26/.92)		RBS ≥ 9 (.33/.90)

Note. NSI = Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory; mBIAS = Mild Brain Injury Atypical Symptoms; DoD = Department of Defense; VA = Veterans Affairs; TBI = traumatic brain injury; PCL-M = PTSD Checklist-Military; MMPI = Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory; RF = Restructured Form; PAI = Personality Assessment Inventory.

Cutoffs are shown as score (sensitivity/specificity). Shaded cells are non-author recommended cutoff but reflecting highest sensitivity at specificity ≥ .90. For Bodapati (2019) the 2 scores are for possible versus probable exaggeration. For Ashendorf (2020) other than mBIAS, scores presented are for predicting invalid on any MMPI-2-RF validity scale. All samples were clinical contexts (not forensic).