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. 2021 Dec 3;12:759871. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2021.759871

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Copyright © 2021 Oikawa, Tateishi, Odahara, Kodama and Numata.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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KH-AtOEP34–pDNA complexes localize to the chloroplast outer membrane. (A) Three representative examples (1–3) of KH-AtOEP34–pDNA localization patterns, as visualized by Cy3 fluorescence (cpPD-Cy3; magenta) around chloroplasts (green). Bars=5μm. Enlarged images in the lower panels represent cpPD-Cy3 complexes associated with (1), being enveloped by (2), or integrated into (3), the chloroplast outer membrane (green). Arrows denote cpPD-Cy3 complexes. Bars=1μm. (B,C) Time-lapse images illustrating entrapment (B) and incorporation (C) of cpPD-Cy3 complexes by the chloroplast outer membrane.