FIGURE 2.

Strategies for attachment of bioactive molecules to biomaterials. (A) Strategies to non-covalently attach bioactive molecules to biomaterials using physical tools. Bioactive molecules can be absorbed on the surface of the biomaterial through coating ECM proteins or can be electrostatically associated with biomaterials via heparin linkage. (B) Strategies to covalently attach bioactive molecules using chemical tools. Protease-degradable amino acids sequences can be introduced into crosslinks to instruct release of signaling cues. (C) Methodologies for incorporation of bioactive molecules to microspheres. Bioactive molecules can be encapsulated, adsorbed on the surface, or chemically linked to the microspheres. Adapted with permission from (Shafiq et al., 2016). Copyrights reserved Elsevier.