. 2021 Dec 3;9:747398. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.747398

TABLE 5.

Enhancing stem cell function by modulating the injury microenvironment.

Biomaterial	Cell/tissue type	Observed effect	References
TGF-β-loaded Layer-by-layer scaffolds	Islets	Cell survival ↑	Liu et al. (2016b)
		Inflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNF-α, IL-12, MCP-1) ↓
		Leukocytes ↓
Poly (vinyl alcohol) microneedle patch	CSCs	Paracrine factors secretion ↑	Tang et al., 2020
		Scar tissue ↓
		Blood vessel regeneration ↑
PEG-maleimide hydrogels	MSCs	ROS scavenging ↑	Martin et al. (2020)
PEG-maleimide hydrogels	MSCs	Cell survival ↑	Martin et al. (2020)
Immuno-protective device eluting alanine and glutamine	Islets	Cell survival ↑	Chendke et al. (2019)
Immuno-protective device eluting alanine and glutamine	Islets	Immuno-protection of cells ↑	Chendke et al. (2019)
Hydrogels encapsulating tacrolimus-eluting PLGA NPs	EPCs	Cell survival ↑	Li et al. (2018)
Hydrogels encapsulating tacrolimus-eluting PLGA NPs	EPCs	Blood perfusion ↑	Li et al. (2018)
Self-assembling peptides based hydrogels containing laminin-derived IKVAV motif	ESCs-derived cortical progenitors	Neuronal function ↑	Somaa et al. (2017)
	ESCs-derived cortical progenitors	Motor function ↑	Somaa et al. (2017)

TGF-β, transforming growth factor beta; PEG, poly(ethylene glycol); PLGA, poly(L-lactide-co-glycolide); NPs, nanoparticles; CSCs, cardiac stem cells; ESCs, embryonic stem cells; MSCs, mesenchymal stem cells; EPCs, endothelial progenitor cells; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha; MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1; IL-12, interleukin 12.