Table 4.
Efficacy of eye masks and/or earplugs interventions for sleep quality based on polysomnography.
| Sleep components | Pooled MD (95% CI) | P-value | I2 (%) | Egger P-value | Begg P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time in bed (min) | 0.28 (−4.32, 4.88) | 0.90 | 0 | 0.556 | 0.149 |
| Total sleep time (min) | 25.4 (8.05, 42.9) | <0.001* | 0 | 0.310 | 0.065 |
| Sleep efficiency index | 0.06 (0.01, 0.10) | 0.01* | 0 | 0.984 | 0.500 |
| REM (%) | 4.66 (2.70, 6.62) | <0.001* | 0 | 0.827 | 0.149 |
| Stage 1 non-REM (%) | 1.65 (−0.26, 3.56) | 0.09 | 0 | 0.390 | 0.151 |
| Stage 2 non-REM (%) | −1.85 (−4.43, 0.74) | 0.16 | 0 | 0.390 | 0.151 |
| Stage 3 non-REM (%) | −0.35 (−2.10, 1.41) | 0.70 | 0 | 0.933 | 0.999 |
| Sleep onset latency (min) | −17.61 (-45.86, 10.63) | 0.22 | 15.9 | 0.208 | 0.149 |
| REM latency (min) | −16.93 (−42.48, 8.62) | 0.19 | 16.2 | 0.201 | 0.149 |
| No. of awakenings | −8.40 (−10.15, −6.64) | <0.001* | 0.63 | 0.270 | 0.500 |
| Sleep arousals index | −5.17 (-6.58, −3.75) | <0.001* | 0 | 0.452 | 0.500 |
*
P < 0.05 was considered as significant.
MD, Mean Difference; CI, Confidence Interval; REM, Rapid eye movement.