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. 2021 Dec 3;12:779689. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2021.779689

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Copyright © 2021 Massimino, Andrieux, Biasutti, Davail, Bernadet, Pioche, Ricaud, Gontier, Morisson, Collin, Panserat and Houssier.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Experimental design. Incubation period extends from embryonic day 1 (E1) to day 30 (E30), day of peak hatching of the ducklings. The thermal manipulation (TM) was performed between E13 and E27, with a temperature increase of 1°C (16 h/24 h) and relative humidity (RH) adjusted to 63%. Overfeeding began at 83 days of age (D83) and ended at 95 days (D95). Liver samplings for RNA extraction are indicated by an arrow at the end of the TM (E27) and before (D83) and after (D95) overfeeding.