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. 2021 Dec 3;9:774348. doi: 10.3389/fped.2021.774348

Table 3.

TMI and TMLI Trials in Patients with Acute Leukaemia.

Study* Patients (N) age range (years) Disease Radiation targets TMI dose (fractionation) Chemotherapy Outcomes
Wong et al. (317),
Phase I,
NCT00540995
20
23–52
Relapsed or refractory AML Bone, nodes, testes, spleen
12 Gy: liver, brain
12 or 13.5 Gy
(1.5 BID)
Bu 4,800 μM*min
VP16 30 mg/kg
NRM: 8 of 20 patients
CR: 5 of 20 patients at 20.8–49.4 months
Stein et al. (311),
Phase I,
NCT02446964
51
16–57
AML, relapsed or refractory ALL Bone, nodes, testes, spleen
12 Gy: liver, brain
12–20 Gy
(1.5–2.0 BID)
Cy 100 mg/kg
VP16 60 mg/kg
NRM: 3.9% at day 100, 8.1% at 1 year
PFS: 40% at 1 year
OS: 55.5% at 1 year, 41.5% at 2 years
Stein et al. (311, 318),
Phase II,
NCT02094794
57
16–59
AML or ALL, IF, relapsed or >CR2 Bone, spleen, node
12 Gy: liver, brain
20 Gy
(2.0 BID)
Cy 100 mg/kg
VP16 60 mg/kg
NRM: 4% at day 100, 6% at 1 year
PFS: 48% at 1 year
OS: 67% at 1 year
Patel et al. (319),
Phase I,
NCT00988013
14
20–65
Refractory or relapsed AML, ALL, MDS, MM, CML Bone 3–12 Gy
(1.5 BID)
Flu 40 mg/m2/day × 4
Bu 4,800 μM*min
NRM: 29%
RFS: 43%
OS: 50%
Hui et al. (320),
Phase I,
NCT00686556
12
2–55
High-risk ALL, AML
CR2, CR3, relapse, IF
Bone 15 or 18 Gy
(3.0 BID)
Flu 25 mg/m2/day × 3
Cy 60 mg/m2/day × 2
NRM: 42% at 1 year
Relapse rate: 36%
DFS: 22% at 1 year
OS: 42% at 1 year
Rosenthal et al. (309), Jensen et al. (321),
Pilot,
NCT00544466
61
9–70
AML, ALL >50 years old or comorbidities Bone, nodes, spleen
ALL: testes, brain
12 Gy
(1.5 BID)
Flu 25 mg/m2/days × 4
Mel 140 mg/m2
NRM: 30% at 2 years, 33% at 5 years
EFS: 49% at 2 years, 41% at 5 years
OS: 50% at 2 years, 42% at 5 years
Welliver et al. (322),
Pilot,
NCT02122081
15
18–75
High-risk AML, ALL, MDS >50 years old or comorbidities and unable to undergo TBI-based regimens Bone, brain, testes 12 Gy
(2.0 BID)
Cy NRM: 4 of 16 patients
Median OS: 313 days
Al Malki et al. (323), Arslan and Al Malki (324),
Phase I,
NCT02446964
29
21–58
AML, ALL, MDS
CR1 high risk, CR2, CR3, refractory
Haplo-identical
Bone, spleen, nodes
12 Gy: liver, spleen
16 Gy: testes in ALL
12 Gy: brain in ALL
12–20 Gy
(1.5–2.0 BID)
Flu 25 mg/m2/day × 5
Cy 14.5 mg/kg/day × 2
PTCy 50 mg/kg/day × 2
NRM: 9.3% at 1 year
OS: 83% at 1 year
Relapse rate: 24% at 1 year
Pierini et al. (325),
Phase II,
NCT03977103
50
38–65
AML
CR1, CR2, PR
Haplo-identical
Bone, nodes
TMLI: bone 13.5 Gy; nodes 11.7 Gy if >50 years old
TBI: 13.5 Gy in nine fractions or an 8 Gy single fraction if ≤50 years old

Thio 5–10 mg/kg
Flu 150–200 mg/m2
Cy 30 mg/kg/day
T-cell manipulated graft

NRM: 10 patients
Relapse: 2 patients
Moderate/severe cGvHD: 1 patient
Moderate/severe cGvHD/RFS: 75%
Stein et al. (307),
Pilot,
NCT03467386
18
19–56
AML
CR1 and CR2
Matched donor
Bone, spleen, node
12 Gy: liver, brain
20 Gy
(2.0 BID)
PTCy 50 mg/kg/day × 2 Mild cGvHD: 5 patients
OS: 100% at 1 year
RFS: 80.8% at 1 year
NRM: 0% at both day 100 and 1 year
Relapse: 3 patients (16.7%)

NCT numbers are Clinicaltrials.gov identifiers. AML, acute myeloblastic leukaemia; ALL, acute lymphoblastic leukaemia; BID, twice per day; Bu, busulfan; cGvHD, chronic graft-versus-host disease; CML, chronic myeloid leukaemia; CR1, first complete remission; CR2, second complete remission; CR3, third complete remission; Cy, cyclophosphamide; DFS, disease free survival; EFS, event-free survival; Flu, fludarabine; Gy, Gray; IF, induction failure; MDS, myelodysplastic syndrome; Mel, melphalan; MM, multiple myeloma; NRM, non-relapse mortality; OS, overall survival; PFS, progression-free survival; PR, partial response; PTCy, post-transplant cyclophosphamide; RFS, relapse-free survival; TBI, total body irradiation; Thio, thiotepa; TMI, total marrow irradiation; TMLI, total marrow and lymphoid irradiation; VP-16, etoposide.