Table 2.
Fatty acid profiles of the five analyzed species of edible insect.
| Fatty acid (%) | BSF (n = 3) | HSF (n = 2) | PL (n = 3) | STC (n = 3) | TM (n = 2) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Systematic name | Trivial name | Lipid No. | |||||
| 2-methyl propanoic acid | – | C4:0i | 0.00 | 0.42 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 2-methyl butanoic acid | – | C5:0a | 1.15 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Hexanoic acid | Caproic acid | C6:0 | 2.61 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.64 | 0.00 |
| Octanoic acid | Caprylic acid | C8:0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.08 | 0.00 |
| Non-anoic acid | Pelargonic acid | C9:0 | 0.52 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Decanoic acid | Capric acid | C10:0 | 0.62 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 10-methyl undecanoic acid | – | C12:0i | 0.00 | 1.86 | 0.59 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Dodecanoic acid | Lauric acid | C12:0 | 8.37 | 1.23 | 1.57 | 0.96 | 0.00 |
| 10-methyl dodecanoic acid | – | C13:0a | 0.00 | 0.53 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Tridecanoic acid | Tridecylic acid | C13:0 | 0.95 | 2.48 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Tetradecanoic acid | Myristic acid | C14:0 | 5.01 | 4.80 | 4.66 | 2.89 | 8.98 |
| 9-methyl tetradecanoic acid | – | – | 1.00 | 1.04 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 12-methyl tetradecanoic acid | – | C15:0a | 1.30 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 13-methyl tetradecanoic acid | – | C15:0i | 3.46 | 2.12 | 0.00 | 0.67 | 0.00 |
| Pentadecanoic acid | Pentadecylic acid | C15:0 | 2.31 | 1.93 | 0.81 | 2.67 | 0.00 |
| 3-methyl pentadecanoic acid | – | – | 0.85 | 0.74 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Hexadecanoic acid | Palmitic acid | C16:0 | 9.44 | 9.63 | 27.13 | 14.95 | 24.26 |
| 10-methyl hexadecanoic acid | – | – | 0.00 | 0.75 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 14-methyl hexadecanoic acid | – | C17:0a | 3.20 | 0.00 | 0.70 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 15-methyl hexadecanoic acid | – | C17:0i | 1.02 | 1.92 | 0.93 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Heptadecanoic acid | Margaric acid | C17:0 | 1.06 | 0.00 | 1.06 | 2.91 | 0.00 |
| Octadecanoic acid | Stearic acid | C18:0 | 6.61 | 6.51 | 7.88 | 18.28 | 15.00 |
| 17-methyl octadecanoic acid | – | C19:0i | 1.21 | 0.00 | 0.89 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Non-adecanoic acid | Non-adecylic acid | C19:0 | 1.99 | 0.80 | 1.46 | 2.78 | 0.00 |
| 18-methyl non-adecanoic acid | – | C20:0i | 1.02 | 0.00 | 0.90 | 1.94 | 5.35 |
| Icosanoic acid | Arachidic acid | C20:0 | 2.60 | 3.10 | 3.18 | 1.96 | 5.33 |
| 20-methyl heneicosanoic acid | – | C22:0i | 3.82 | 0.00 | 2.31 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Docosanoic acid | Behenic acid | C22:0 | 0.00 | 3.03 | 0.00 | 2.76 | 0.00 |
| Tetracosanoic acid | Lignoceric acid | C24:0 | 1.27 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.41 | 0.00 |
| Non-ahexacontanoic acid | – | C69:0 | 0.00 | 1.84 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 5-dodecenoic acid | Lauroleinic acid | C12:1n-7 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.42 | 0.00 |
| 9-tetradecenoic acid | Myristoleic acid | C14:1n-5 | 0.82 | 0.59 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 11-tetradecenoic acid | – | C14:1n-3 | 0.00 | 0.94 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 7-hexadecenoic acid | Hypogeic acid | C16:1n-9 | 0.99 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.84 | 0.00 |
| 9-hexadecenoic acid | Palmitoleic acid | C16:1n-7 | 5.03 | 6.74 | 5.89 | 4.26 | 0.00 |
| 11-hexadecenoic acid | Lycopodic acid | C16:1n-5 | 0.00 | 2.24 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 8-heptadecenoic acid | Civetic acid | C17:1n-9 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.94 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 9-heptadecenoic acid | Margaroleic acid | C17:1n-8 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.66 | 1.37 | 0.00 |
| 10-heptadecenoic acid | – | C17:1n-7 | 1.14 | 0.89 | 0.90 | 2.42 | 0.00 |
| 6-octadecenoic acid | Petrolselinic acid | C18:1n-12 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.02 | 1.12 | 7.97 |
| 8-octadecenoic acid | – | C18:1n-10 | 0.00 | 3.60 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 9E-octadecenoic acid | Elaidic acid | C18:1n-9 | 7.91 | 5.09 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 12.48 |
| 9-octadecenoic acid | Oleic acid | C18:1n-9 | 2.59 | 2.24 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 4.41 |
| 11-octadecenoic acid | Asclepic acid | C18:1n-7 | 4.07 | 4.29 | 29.38 | 0.71 | 0.00 |
| 13-octadecenoic acid | – | C18:1n-5 | 0.00 | 1.50 | 0.00 | 0.89 | 5.93 |
| 11-icosenoic acid | Gondoic acid | C20:1n-9 | 0.97 | 1.34 | 0.63 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 13-icosenoic acid | Paullinic acid | C20:1n-7 | 2.56 | 0.00 | 1.36 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 7,10-hexadecadienoic acid | – | C16:2n-6 | 0.79 | 2.52 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 9,12-octadecadienoic acid | Linoleic acid | C18:2n-6 | 6.43 | 8.84 | 2.20 | 5.72 | 8.16 |
| 6,9,12-octadecatrienoic acid | γ-linolenic acid | C18:3n-6 | 0.94 | 0.81 | 0.00 | 1.41 | 0.00 |
| 5,8,11,14-icosatetraenoic acid | Arachidonic acid | C20:4n-6 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid | α-linolenic acid | C18:3n-3 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 17.12 | 0.00 |
| 11,14,17-icosatrienoic acid | – | C20:3n-3 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.93 | 0.00 |
| 5,8,11,14,17-icosapentaenoic acid | Timnodonic acid | C20:5n-3 | 0.00 | 2.94 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 9Z,11E-octadecadienoic acid | Rumenic acid | C18:2n-7 | 1.02 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| 6Z,9Z,11E-octadecatrienoic acid | – | C18:3n-7 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.75 | 0.00 |
| 11,14-octadecadienoic acid | – | C18:2n-4 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.59 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Others | – | – | 3.40 | 9.69 | 1.36 | 1.14 | 2.11 |
| ΣSFA | – | – | 61.36 | 44.74 | 54.07 | 55.90 | 58.94 |
| ΣMUFA | – | – | 26.06 | 29.46 | 41.78 | 14.02 | 30.80 |
| ΣPUFA | – | – | 9.18 | 16.11 | 2.79 | 28.94 | 8.16 |
| PUFA (n-3) | 0.00 | 2.94 | 0.00 | 20.06 | 0.00 | ||
| PUFA (n-6) | 8.16 | 13.17 | 2.20 | 7.13 | 8.16 | ||
Fatty acid content is reported as a % of total fatty acids.
BSF, black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens); HSF, House fly (Musca domestica); PL, African palm weevil (Rhynchophorus phoenicis); STC, shea tree caterpillar (Cirina butyrospermi); TM, African termite (Macrotermes bellicosus).
SFA, saturated fatty acids; MUFA, mono-unsaturated fatty acids; PUFA, poly-unsaturated fatty acids.
Fatty acid profiles are presented as the mean of triplicate evaluations, other than the TM and HSF which were determined in duplicate.