TABLE 2.
Crude and age standardized prevalence of hypertension, awareness, treatment, and control in the Bangladeshi adults population, BDHS 2017–2018
| Hypertension (3531/12 904), % (95% CI) | Awareness (1500/3531) (% (95% CI) | Treatment (1306/3531) % (95% CI) | Control (439/1306) % (95% CI) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crude prevalence | Standardized prevalence a | Crude prevalence | Standardized prevalence a | Crude prevalence | Standardized prevalence a | Crude prevalence | Standardized prevalence a | |
| Overall | 27.4 (26.3‐28.4) | 26.2 (25.5‐26.9) | 42.5 (40.5‐44.5) | 36.7 (34.9‐38.6) | 37.0 (35.2‐38.9) | 31.1 (29.3‐32.8) | 33.6 (30.7‐36.7) | 43.6 (39.5‐47.8) |
| Age (years) | ||||||||
| °18–34 | 12.4 (11.4‐13.5) | 12.8 (12.0‐13.7) | 28.6 (25.1‐32.4) | 27.5 (24.3‐30.7) | 21.6 (18.5‐25.1) | 21.3 (18.4‐24.3) | 53.4 (44.3‐62.3) | 53.5 (45.7‐61.2) |
| °35–39 | 27.0 (24.6‐29.5) | 27.0 (24.7‐29.3) | 31.7 (26.8‐37.1) | 34.5 (29.8‐39.1) | 27.7 (23.0‐32.8) | 30.0 (25.5‐34.5) | 42.2 (32.4‐52.7) | 40.5 (31.7‐49.3) |
| °40–44 | 30.4 (27.5‐33.5) | 31.5 (28.7‐34.2) | 44.4 (38.7‐50.2) | 44.1 (38.9‐49.3) | 37.6 (31.9‐43.6) | 38.5 (33.4‐43.5) | 37.4 (28.3‐47.5) | 39.4 (31.2‐47.6) |
| °45–49 | 36.9 (33.5‐40.6) | 37.6 (34.8‐40.5) | 45.3 (39.9‐50.8) | 46.9 (42.1‐51.7) | 42.2 (36.8‐47.8) | 43.0 (38.3‐47.8) | 29.0 (22.1‐36.9) | 29.1 (22.4‐35.7) |
| °50–54 | 40.9 (36.9‐44.8) | 41.5 (37.9‐45.0) | 46.3 (40.6‐52.2) | 49.2 (43.6‐54.8) | 39.6 (34.1‐45.4) | 42.4 (36.9‐47.9) | 33.5 (24.8‐43.4) | 34.9 (26.7‐43.0) |
| °55–59 | 44.9 (41.0‐49.0) | 46.5 (43.0‐50.1) | 53.7 (47.9‐59.3) | 54.9 (49.6‐60.1) | 48.0 (42.3‐53.7) | 49.4 (44.2‐54.7) | 34.1 (26.6‐42.4) | 31.8 (24.8‐38.8) |
| °60–64 | 48.6 (44.6‐52.5) | 49.1 (45.5‐52.7) | 52.6 (47.2‐57.9) | 52.5 (47.3‐57.6) | 48.5 (43.2‐53.8) | 48.1 (42.9‐53.2) | 32.6 (25.1‐41.1) | 31.4 (24.5‐38.3) |
| °≥65 | 54.4 (51.5‐57.4) | 56.4 (53.7‐59.1) | 48.2 (44.4‐52.1) | 50.4 (46.8‐54.0) | 42.9 (39.1‐46.8) | 44.9 (41.3‐48.5) | 21.7 (17.5‐26.5) | 25.4 (20.7‐30.0) |
| Sex | ||||||||
| °Men | 26.2 (24.8‐27.7) | 23.5 (22.5‐24.6) | 33.4 (30.8‐36.2) | 26.5 (23.8‐29.1) | 28.7 (26.3‐31.3) | 21.9 (19.5‐24.2) | 31.7 (27.0‐36.7) | 46.0 (37.7‐54.3) |
| °Women | 28.2 (27.1‐29.4) | 28.9 (27.9‐29.9) | 48.8 (46.3‐51.4) | 43.5 (41.0‐46.0) | 42.9 (40.5‐45.3) | 37.2 (34.8‐39.5) | 34.5 (31.0‐38.3) | 42.9 (38.9‐47.6) |
| Body Mass Index (kg/m2) | ||||||||
| °Underweight (< 18.5) | 17.6 (15.9‐19.4) | 14.4 (13.0‐15.7) | 31.3 (26.7‐36.3) | 26.6 (20.6‐32.6) | 26.3 (22.0‐31.1) | 22.6 (17.1‐28.2) | 32.1 (23.6‐42.0) | 41.7 (24.0‐59.3) |
| °Normal weight (18.5‐23.0) | 21.7 (20.5‐23.0) | 21.1 (20.1‐22.1) | 39.9 (35.0‐41.0) | 31.0 (27.8‐34.1) | 32.3 (29.5‐35.3) | 26.3 (23.3‐29.3) | 35.0 (30.1‐40.3) | 48.3 (40.3‐56.2) |
| °Overweight (23.0‐27.5) | 34.6 (32.8‐36.4) | 33.9 (32.5‐35.3) | 45.0 (42.0‐48.2) | 39.0 (36.0‐41.9) | 40.2 (37.2‐43.3) | 33.8 (31.1‐36.6) | 29.8 (25.4‐34.6) | 37.1 (30.9‐43.3) |
| °Obese (≥ 27.5) | 43.2 (40.6‐45.9) | 42.4 (40.0‐44.8) | 53.3 (49.0‐57.6) | 49.5 (45.0‐54.0) | 46.5 (42.3‐50.8) | 40.9 (36.7‐45.1) | 40.0 (34.0‐46.2) | 50.0 (42.0‐57.9) |
| Educational status | ||||||||
| °No education/preschool | 35.9 (33.9‐37.9) | 23.5 (21.7‐25.3) | 43.4 (40.1‐46.8) | 31.2 (25.2‐37.2) | 38.9 (35.7‐42.3) | 26.4 (20.9‐31.9) | 26.7 (22.5‐31.4) | 36.1 (17.8‐54.4) |
| °Primary education | 26.8 (25.2‐28.5) | 25.7 (24.4‐27.0) | 44.2 (40.9‐47.5) | 38.0 (34.5‐41.6) | 37.8 (34.7‐41.0) | 32.7 (29.3‐36.1) | 35.6 (30.4‐41.2) | 45.3 (37.9‐52.7) |
| °Secondary education | 22.8 (21.3‐24.4) | 28.8 (27.3‐30.3) | 41.6 (38.0‐45.4) | 39.3 (36.0‐42.6) | 36.6 (33.1‐40.3) | 33.8 (30.7‐36.9) | 37.9 (31.7‐44.5) | 41.4 (34.8‐48.0) |
| °Higher education | 22.7 (20.6‐24.9) | 30.7 (28.6‐32.7) | 37.6 (33.2‐42.1) | 37.0 (33.0‐40.9) | 30.7 (26.7‐35.1) | 31.0 (27.3‐34.7) | 41.7 (33.4‐50.4) | 51.0 (42.0‐60.0) |
| Currently working | ||||||||
| °Yes | 25.1 (23.9‐26.4) | 24.3 (23.3‐25.2) | 37.0 (34.6‐39.4) | 32.9 (30.5‐35.3) | 31.6 (29.3‐34.0) | 27.4 (25.1‐29.6) | 34.4 (30.2‐38.8) | 44.9 (39.3‐50.5) |
| °No | 30.7 (29.4‐32.1) | 30.0 (28.7‐31.2) | 49.4 (46.5‐52.3) | 42.1 (39.1‐45.0) | 43.8 (41.0‐46.6) | 36.4 (33.6‐39.2) | 32.9 (29.0‐37.1) | 41.7 (35.7‐47.8) |
| Diabetes | ||||||||
| °Yes | 40.0 (37.3‐42.8) | 34.9 (32.7‐37.1) | 54.2 (50.2‐58.2) | 44.6 (39.7‐49.5) | 49.4 (45.3‐53.4) | 39.9 (35.2‐44.6) | 30.3 (25.2‐36.0) | 32.7 (23.9‐41.5) |
| °No | 25.4 (24.4‐26.5) | 25.0 (24.2‐25.7) | 39.6 (37.4‐41.9) | 34.9 (32.8‐36.9) | 34.1 (32.1‐36.1) | 29.0 (27.1‐30.9) | 34.6 (31.2‐38.2) | 46.0 (41.4‐50.7) |
| Wealth quintile | ||||||||
| °Lowest | 23.7 (21.8‐25.7) | 20.7 (19.2‐22.1) | 32.3 (28.0‐36.9) | 25.8 (21.4‐30.2) | 27.6 (23.9‐31.6) | 20.9 (17.0‐24.8) | 31.3 (23.5‐40.3) | 42.8 (26.9‐58.7) |
| °Second | 25.1 (23.0‐27.3) | 23.3 (21.7‐24.9) | 36.5 (32.4‐40.8) | 32.7 (28.4‐37.0) | 30.3 (26.5‐34.5) | 26.8 (22.8‐30.8) | 32.8 (26.2‐40.2) | 49.1 (39.3‐58.9) |
| °Middle | 26.6 (24.7‐28.7) | 25.2 (23.6‐26.8) | 42.0 (37.9‐46.2) | 37.3 (32.8‐41.7) | 37.4 (33.4‐41.5)) | 32.5 (28.3 ‐36.8) | 31.9 (25.2‐39.6) | 38.9 (30.0‐46.9) |
| °Fourth | 28.0 (25.9‐30.3) | 28.0 (26.3‐29.6) | 46.3 (42.2‐50.4) | 39.7 (35.7‐43.7) | 40.4 (36.5‐44.3) | 33.1 (29.3‐36.8) | 38.0 (31.9‐44.6) | 38.5 (30.1‐46.9) |
| °Highest | 32.8 (30.9‐34.8) | 32.7 (31.2‐34.3) | 50.6 (46.9‐54.4) | 42.4 (38.9‐45.9) | 45.0 (41.5‐48.5) | 36.9 (33.6‐40.2) | 32.9 (28.2‐37.9) | 47.8 (40.7‐54.9) |
| Place of residence | ||||||||
| °Urban | 28.3 (26.6‐30.1) | 28.7 (27.5‐29.9) | 46.6 (43.3‐50.0) | 39.3 (36.4‐42.2) | 41.5 (38.4‐44.7) | 34.8 (32.0‐37.5) | 36.2 (31.5‐41.2) | 44.1 (37.9‐50.3) |
| °Rural | 27.0 (25.8‐28.2) | 24.9 (24.0‐25.7) | 40.8 (38.4‐43.3) | 35.2 (32.8‐37.7) | 35.3 (33.0‐37.6) | 28.8 (26.6‐31.0) | 32.4 (28.8‐36.3) | 43.2 (37.7‐48.7) |
| Administrative division | ||||||||
| °Barishal | 32.6 (29.4‐35.9) | 28.4 (26.2‐30.6) | 44.3 (38.8‐49.9) | 37.6 (31.7‐43.4) | 38.9 (33.9‐44.1) | 31.1 (25.8‐36.5) | 34.5 (26.0‐44.1) | 51.2 (38.6‐63.7) |
| °Chattogram | 29.6 (27.0‐32.3) | 28.9 (26.9‐30.9) | 44.8 (39.8‐49.9) | 39.4 (34.7‐44.0) | 41.3 (37.0‐45.8) | 34.5 (30.1‐38.9) | 41.7 (34.4‐49.4) | 52.8 (43.5‐62.1) |
| °Dhaka | 23.3 (21.1‐25.7) | 23.8 (21.9‐25.6) | 45.2 (40.1‐50.5) | 41.9 (36.3‐47.5) | 40.7 (36.1‐45.5) | 36.2 (30.8‐41.5) | 32.6 (25.7‐40.4) | 44.5 (34.0‐55.0) |
| °Khulna | 29.8 (27.1‐32.7) | 26.8 (24.9‐28.7) | 43.8 (38.6‐49.2) | 39.3 (33.9‐44.6) | 36.4 (31.1‐42.0) | 32.2 (27.2‐37.2) | 24.9 (19.5‐31.3) | 32.1 (21.6‐42.6) |
| °Mymensingh | 23.5 (21.0‐26.1) | 21.3 (19.4‐23.3) | 42.5 (36.2‐49.0) | 35.4 (29.5‐41.3) | 39.2 (33.7‐44.9) | 32.4 (26.7‐38.0) | 48.7 (39.7‐57.9) | 58.0 (44.2‐71.8) |
| °Rajshahi | 27.4 (24.7‐30.3) | 25.9 (24.0‐27.9) | 39.2 (34.2‐44.5) | 29.5 (24.9‐34.0) | 30.6 (26.0‐35.7) | 21.9 (17.9‐25.9) | 22.1 (15.8‐29.9) | 32.0 (17.1‐46.8) |
| °Rangpur | 30.5 (28.3‐32.7) | 28.9 (26.8‐31.0) | 33.2 (28.6‐38.2) | 28.8 (24.4‐33.3) | 26.6 (22.4‐31.2) | 21.6 (17.7‐25.5) | 27.7 (20.5‐36.3) | 25.3 (13.7‐36.9) |
| °Sylhet | 26.1 (23.4‐29.0) | 25.3 (23.3‐27.3) | 48.7 (42.2‐55.3) | 44.0 (38.4‐49.5) | 46.0 (39.5‐52.7) | 41.4 (36.0‐46.9) | 38.7 (30.3‐47.8) | 48.2 (38.1‐58.2) |
Data are % (95% CI). All CIs were logit transformed.
Abbreviation: BDHS, Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey.
a
Standardized to the 2011 Bangladesh Census population by age for the total population.
Hypertension is defined as having systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg and/or a diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg, or taking any prescribed drugs to control blood pressure. Awareness of hypertension was defined as a self‐reported previous diagnosis of hypertension by a doctor or nurse in people with confirmed hypertension. Treatment of hypertension was defined as self‐reported use of a prescription antihypertensive medication for management of hypertension. Control of hypertension was defined as receiving antihypertensive medication and having an average systolic blood pressure below 140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure below 90 mmHg.