TABLE 1.
Clinical features of patients with CKD according to gender
| All (n = 800) | Male (n = 423) | Female (n = 377) | t/χ2/Z | p‐Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical parameter | |||||
| Age (years) | 47.45 ± 15.25 | 47.39 ± 16.18 | 47.51 ± 14.15 | −0.105 | .917 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.80 ± 3.75 | 25.68 ± 3.63 | 23.82 ± 3.64 | 7.243 | ˂.001 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 132.50 ± 19.32 | 134.99 ± 19.42 | 129.71 ± 18.83 | 3.898 | ˂.001 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 81.94 ± 13.46 | 84.35 ± 13.47 | 79.24 ± 12.95 | 5.459 | ˂.001 |
| MAP (mmHg) | 98.79 ± 14.03 | 101.23 ± 13.93 | 96.06 ± 13.64 | 5.292 | ˂.001 |
| Comorbid disease | |||||
| Hypertension (%) | 407 (50.9) | 254 (60.0) | 153 (40.6) | 30.216 | ˂.001 |
| Diabetes (%) | 156 (19.5) | 101 (23.9) | 55 (14.6) | 10.955 | .001 |
| Cardiovascular diseases (%) | 95 (11.9) | 61 (14.4) | 34 (9.0) | 5.559 | .018 |
| CKD stage (1/2/3a/3b/4) | 400/177/79/85/59 | 175/121/42/51/34 | 225/56/37/34/25 | 32.672 | ˂.001 |
| Laboratory parameter | |||||
| eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m²) | 89.87 (55.50, 108.65) | 82.43 (53.21, 104.71) | 97.12 (59.28, 111.99) | 4.374 | ˂.001 |
| Scr (μmol/L) | 81.35 (62.23, 114.73) | 95.70 (76.50, 131.70) | 62.90 (52.60, 94.25) | −12.632 | ˂.001 |
| Serum albumin (g/L) | 37.90 (33.20, 41.10) | 38.40 (33.20, 41.90) | 37.40 (33.05, 40.10) | −2.437 | .015 |
| FBG (mmol/L) | 4.74 (4.31, 5.33) | 4.77 (4.34, 5.47) | 4.67 (4.30, 5.21) | −1.825 | .068 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.37 (1.00, 1.98) | 1.51 (1.07, 2.14) | 1.26 (0.89, 1.86) | −4.225 | ˂.001 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 4.73 (4.01, 5.73) | 4.63 (3.88, 5.55) | 4.92 (4.16, 5.84) | 3.037 | .002 |
| LDL‐C (mmol/L) | 3.02 (2.46, 3.64) | 3.00 (2.42, 3.58) | 3.11 (2.49, 3.70) | 1.583 | .113 |
| HDL‐C (mmol/L) | 1.07 (0.92, 1.31) | 0.98 (0.85, 1.14) | 1.22 (1.04, 1.46) | 11.295 | ˂.001 |
| Hemoglobin (g/L) | 130 (115, 144) | 140 (125, 152) | 122 (110, 131) | −12.063 | ˂.001 |
| Serum sodium (mmol/L) | 140.0 (138.6, 141.9) | 140.0 (138.7, 141.5) | 140.1 (138.5, 142.1) | 0.807 | .420 |
| Serum potassium (mmol/L) | 3.85 (3.60, 4.11) | 3.85 (3.60, 4.12) | 3.85 (3.60, 4.10) | −0.321 | .748 |
| Urinary protein (g/d) | 0.85 (0.29, 2.34) | 0.93 (0.34, 2.92) | 0.77 (0.27, 1.98) | −3.030 | .002 |
| Urinary sodium (mmol/d) | 127.20 (91.03, 172.06) | 140.40 (102.70, 192.80) | 115.96 (80.25, 151.45) | −6.791 | ˂.001 |
| Urinary potassium (mmol/d) | 30.80 (23.23, 39.25) | 32.40 (24.50, 41.60) | 28.30 (22.20, 36.50) | −3.819 | ˂.001 |
| Urinary creatinine (g/d) | 1.27 (0.99, 1.66) | 1.60 (1.26, 1.94) | 1.06 (0.87, 1.25) | −16.653 | ˂.001 |
| Medications | |||||
| ACEI/ARB (%) | 268 (33.5) | 160 (37.8) | 108 (28.6) | 7.537 | .006 |
| CCB (%) | 243 (30.4) | 149 (35.2) | 94 (24.9) | 9.982 | .002 |
| β‐Blocker (%) | 81 (10.1) | 56 (13.2) | 25 (6.6) | 9.564 | .002 |
Data were presented as the mean ± standard, the median with interquartile range or counts and percentages. A two‐tailed p < .05 was considered statistically significant.
The use of bold in the table means that P value was less than .05.
Abbreviations: ACEI/ARB, angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers; BMI, body mass index; CCB, calcium channel blockers; CKD, chronic kidney disease; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; FBG, fasting blood pressure; HDL‐C, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL‐C, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol; MAP, mean arterial pressure; SBP, systolic blood pressure; Scr, serum creatinine; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride.