TABLE 1.
Study population demographic and clinical characteristics at baseline and 3 years after treatment initiation
| Total population | Controlled hypertensives | Non‐controlled hypertensives | Controlled vs. non‐controlled at baseline | Controlled vs. non‐controlled at re‐evaluation | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | Baseline | Re‐evaluation | p | Baseline | Re‐evaluation | p | Baseline | Re‐evaluation | p | p | P |
| N | 180 | 180 | – | 119 | 119 | – | 61 | 61 | – | – | – |
| Sex (M/F) | 116/64 | 116/64 | – | 66/53 | 66/53 | – | 50 (82%) | 50 (82%) | – | – | – |
| Age (years) | 51 ± 12 | 54 ± 12 | – | 53 ± 11 | 56 ± 11 | – | 47 ± 11 | 50 ± 11 | – | .001 | .001 |
| Weight (kg) | 84 (74–96) | 83 (74–95) | .79 | 82 (73–94 | 82 (73–94) | .49 | 86 (78–99) | 87 (76–98) | .64 | .081 | .09 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 29 (27–32) | 29 (27–32) | .51 | 29 (27–33) | 29 (27–32) | .36 | 29 (26–32) | 29 (26–32) | .89 | .486 | .42 |
| Current smokers (%) | 39 (22%) | 29 (16%) | .08 | 19 (16%) | 13 (11%) | .26 | 20 (33%) | 16 (26%) | .18 | .01 | .03 |
| Cholesterol (mg/dl) | 214 ± 34 | 200 ± 32 | .001 | 214 ± 35 | 193 ± 32 | .01 | 214 ± 33 | 205 ± 33 | .02 | .917 | .04 |
| LDL‐C (mg/dl) | 136 ± 34 | 124 ± 29 | .002 | 135 ± 33 | 118 ± 28 | .008 | 137 ± 35 | 134 ± 29 | .29 | .634 | .04 |
| HDL‐C (mg/dl) | 48 (42–58) | 50 (42–62) | .90 | 51 (44–63) | 53 (43–64) | .57 | 44 (40–51) | 46 (41–57) | .35 | .001 | .04 |
| Blood pressure and blood pressure variability parameters | |||||||||||
| Office SBP (mm Hg) | 145 (135–160) | 131 (125–140) | <.001 | 145 (135–160) | 130 (124–140) | <.001 | 145 (135–160) | 135 (125–144) | <.001 | .730 | .23 |
| Office DBP (mm Hg) | 90 (85–100) | 82 (80–90) | <.001 | 90 (80–95) | 80 (77–85) | <.001 | 95 (85–100) | 85 (80–90) | <.001 | .08 | .003 |
| 24‐h SBP (mm Hg) | 137 (131–144) | 122 (117–129) | <.001 | 134 (130–140) | 119 (114–123) | <.001 | 142 (136–150) | 132 (127–138) | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 |
| 24‐h DBP (mm Hg) | 87 ± 9 | 75 ± 8 | <.001 | 86 (77–95) | 72 (68–76) | <.001 | 91 (82–100) | 83 (81–87) | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 |
| 24‐h HR (beats/min) | 77 ± 8 | 73 ± 7 | <.001 | 77 ± 8 | 72 ± 8 | <.001 | 78 ± 8 | 75 ± 7 | .005 | .28 | .002 |
| sBPV (mm Hg) | 15 ± 3 | 13 (11–15) | .002 | 15 ± 3 | 13 ± 3 | <.001 | 14 ± 3 | 13 ± 3 | 0.01 | .08 | .51 |
| dBPV (mm Hg) | 13 ± 3 | 11 ± 2 | <.001 | 11 ± 2 | 11 ± 2 | <.001 | 13 ± 3 | 11 ± 3 | <.001 | .96 | .31 |
| Hypertension‐mediated organ damage | |||||||||||
| LVMI (g/m2) | 76 (67–92) | 73 (64–89) | .01 | 76 (68–92) | 71 (63–89) | .01 | 76 (67–93) | 79 (69–90) | .36 | .94 | .04 |
| E/Ea | 6.7 (5.4–8.7) | 6.7 (5.4–8) | .32 | 6.7 (5.5–8.7) | 6.7 (5.4–8.2) | .68 | 6.7 (5.2–8.6) | 6.7 (5.3–7.7) | .27 | .58 | .38 |
| PWV (m/s) | 10.8 (9.3–12.5) | 10.8 (9.4–12.1) | .35 | 10.8 (9.3–12.6) | 10.7 (9.3–12) | .60 | 10.8 (9.3–11.8) | 11 (10–13) | .01 | .68 | .09 |
| MAU (mg/24 h) | 10 (7–16) | 8 (6–12) | <.001 | 9 (6–14) | 7 (5–11) | .002 | 11 (8–20) | 9 (6–16) | .09 | .01 | .11 |
| CFR | 2.5 (2–3) | 2.6 (2–3.2) | .55 | 2.5 (2–2.9) | 2.6 (2–3.2) | .23 | 2.6 (2.3–3.2) | 2.7 (2.1–3.4) | .53 | .06 | .54 |
| cIMT (cm) | 0.1 (0.08–0.12) | 0.09 (0.08–0.11) | <.001 | 0.1 (0.08–0.12) | 0.09 (0.08–0.10) | .002 | 0.1 (0.09–0.12) | 0.09 (0.08–0.11) | .03 | .31 | .23 |
Data are presented as mean ± SD or % or median (25–75 IQR).
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; LDL‐C/HDL‐C, low/high density lipoprotein cholesterol; SBP/DBP, systolic/diastolic blood pressure; 24‐h, 24 h; HR, heart rate; sBPV/dBPV, systolic/diastolic blood pressure variability; LVMI, left ventricular mass index; E/Ea, E wave (transmitral)/to Ea wave (Tissue Doppler Imaging ratio) ; PVW, pulse wave velocity; MAU, microalbumin; CFR, coronary flow reserve; 8 cIMT, carotid intima‐media thickness.
Italics indicate statistical significance.