TABLE 2.
Results of subgroup analysis
| Subgroup | Number of studies | Pooled RR | 95% CI | Heterogeneity between studies |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study design | ||||
| Prospective | 8 | 1.85 | 1.44–2.37 | p = .005; I2 = 63.2% |
| Retrospective | 2 | 1.70 | 1.33–2.17 | p = .105; I2 = 61.9% |
| Region | ||||
| Asia | 7 | 1.75 | 1.55–1.97 | p = .407; I2 = 3.0% |
| USA | 3 | 1.64 | 1.03–2.59 | p = .010; I2 = 78.92% |
| Sample sizes | ||||
| ≥1000 | 8 | 1.68 | 1.40–2.00 | p = .006; I2 = 62.7% |
| <1000 | 2 | 2.56 | 1.56–4.19 | p = .864; I2 = 0.0% |
| Follow‐up duration | ||||
| ≥5 years | 4 | 1.60 | 1.19–2.15 | p = .008; I2 = 74.7% |
| <5 years | 6 | 1.90 | 1.51–2.39 | p = .111; I2 = 42.0% |
| Adjusted eGFR | ||||
| Yes | 8 | 1.68 | 1.40–2.00 | p = .006; I2 = 62.7% |
| No | 2 | 2.56 | 1.56–4.19 | p = .864; I2 = 0.0% |
| Menopausal status | ||||
| Postmenopausal | 2 | 4.62 | 2.38–8.96 | p = .639; I2 = 0.0% |
| Premenopausal | 2 | 1.51 | 0.76–3.01 | p = .274; I2 = 16.4% |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence intervals; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; RR, risk ratio.