TABLE 1.
Characteristics of women included in the study by parity and hypertensive disorders
| Nulliparous pregnancies | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| None | Preexisting hypertension | Gestational hypertension | Preeclampsia | Severe preeclampsia | Early onset preeclampsia | |||||||
| N | Mean | N | Mean | N | Mean | N | Mean | N | Mean | N | Mean | |
| Age (years) | 2 594 032 | 28.2 | 43 122 | 31.5 | 130 151 | 29.0 | 83 045 | 29.5 | 34 479 | 29.7 | 16 547 | 30.1 |
| Gestational age (weeks of amenorrhea) | 2 594 032 | 39.0 | 43 122 | 37.8 | 130 151 | 38.6 | 83 045 | 36.2 | 34 479 | 34.3 | 16 547 | 31.2 |
| N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | |
| Women with complementary universal health insurance a | 355 480 | 13.7 | 6280 | 14.6 | 17 933 | 13.8 | 13 563 | 16.3 | 6087 | 17.7 | 3231 | 19.5 |
| Obesity | 94 511 | 3.6 | 6288 | 14.6 | 9809 | 7.5 | 9613 | 11.6 | 3801 | 11.0 | 2528 | 15.3 |
| Tobacco | 230 609 | 8.9 | 4881 | 11.3 | 11 621 | 8.9 | 7135 | 8.6 | 2693 | 7.8 | 1647 | 10.0 |
| Multiple pregnancy | 49 235 | 1.9 | 1438 | 3.3 | 4336 | 3.3 | 6957 | 8.4 | 3056 | 8.9 | 1869 | 11.3 |
| Cesarean section | 647 565 | 25.0 | 21 249 | 49.3 | 49 122 | 37.7 | 53 560 | 64.5 | 27 981 | 81.2 | 14 649 | 88.5 |
| In utero death | 1049 | 0.04 | 38 | 0.1 | 78 | 0.1 | 99 | 0.1 | 69 | 0.2 | 40 | 0.2 |
| Gestational diabetes | 207 489 | 8.0 | 7240 | 16.8 | 14 862 | 11.4 | 10 632 | 12.8 | 3945 | 11.4 | 2056 | 12.4 |
| Pregnancy hemorrhage | 21 879 | 0.8 | 482 | 1.1 | 1536 | 1.2 | 924 | 1.1 | 432 | 1.3 | 276 | 1.7 |
| Postpartum hemorrhage | 124 353 | 4.8 | 2612 | 6.1 | 6858 | 5.3 | 7407 | 9.0 | 3483 | 10.1 | 1182 | 7.1 |
| Postpartum infection | 138 585 | 5.3 | 2625 | 6.1 | 7550 | 5.8 | 4942 | 6.0 | 1977 | 5.7 | 950 | 5.7 |
| Diabetes | 10 558 | 0.4 | 1779 | 4.1 | 1283 | 1.0 | 1642 | 2.0 | 646 | 1.9 | 414 | 2.5 |
| Personal history of CVD | 646 | 0.02 | 508 | 1.2 | 77 | 0.1 | 94 | 0.1 | 40 | 0.1 | 35 | 0.2 |
| Personal history of stroke | 1698 | 0.1 | 223 | 0.5 | 109 | 0.1 | 108 | 0.1 | 47 | 0.1 | 33 | 0.2 |
| Personal history of pulmonary embolism | 1498 | 0.1 | 73 | 0.2 | 73 | 0.1 | 98 | 0.1 | 64 | 0.2 | 39 | 0.2 |
| Cardiac malformations | 2272 | 0.1 | 330 | 0.8 | 166 | 0.1 | 120 | 0.1 | 53 | 0.2 | 23 | 0.1 |
| Personal history of inflammatory disease | 21 684 | 0.8 | 1 070 | 2.5 | 1250 | 1.0 | 1 025 | 1.2 | 431 | 1.3 | 259 | 1.6 |
| Personal history of HIV | 2737 | 0.1 | 166 | 0.4 | 152 | 0.1 | 203 | 0.2 | 87 | 0.3 | 58 | 0.4 |
| Multiparous pregnancies | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| None | Preexisting hypertension | Gestational hypertension | Preeclampsia | Severe preeclampsia | Early onset preeclampsia | |||||||
| N | Mean | N | Mean | N | Mean | N | Mean | N | Mean | N | Mean | |
| Age (years) | 3 243 821 | 31.2 | 61 231 | 33.7 | 134 617 | 31.9 | 42 258 | 32.4 | 14 661 | 32.4 | 7543 | 32.5 |
| Gestational age (weeks of amenorrhea) | 3 243 821 | 39.0 | 61 231 | 38.1 | 134 617 | 38.7 | 42 258 | 36.4 | 14 661 | 34.5 | 7543 | 31.8 |
| N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | |
| Women with complementary universal health insurance a | 660 997 | 20.4 | 15 775 | 25.8 | 29 620 | 22.0 | 11 429 | 27.1 | 4 278 | 29.2 | 2433 | 32.3 |
| Obesity | 154 738 | 4.8 | 9979 | 16.3 | 10 943 | 8.1 | 6944 | 16.4 | 2264 | 15.4 | 1627 | 21.6 |
| Tobacco | 318 287 | 9.8 | 6586 | 10.8 | 13 619 | 10.1 | 3755 | 8.9 | 1151 | 7.9 | 752 | 10.0 |
| Multiple pregnancy | 51 694 | 1.6 | 1344 | 2.2 | 3258 | 2.4 | 2723 | 6.4 | 978 | 6.7 | 604 | 8.0 |
| Cesarean section | 451 056 | 13.9 | 17 087 | 27.9 | 25 701 | 19.1 | 19 795 | 46.8 | 9 718 | 66.3 | 5 670 | 75.2 |
| In utero death | 1233 | 0.04 | 80 | 0.1 | 100 | 0.1 | 70 | 0.2 | 41 | 0.3 | 24 | 0.3 |
| Gestational diabetes | 329 696 | 10.2 | 12 658 | 20.7 | 18 295 | 13.6 | 7837 | 18.6 | 2 391 | 16.3 | 1 438 | 19.1 |
| Pregnancy hemorrhage | 22 280 | 0.7 | 563 | 0.9 | 1293 | 1.0 | 430 | 1.0 | 146 | 1.0 | 119 | 1.6 |
| Postpartum hemorrhage | 252 715 | 7.8 | 5960 | 9.7 | 10 792 | 8.0 | 5602 | 13.3 | 2216 | 15.1 | 878 | 11.6 |
| Postpartum infection | 168 826 | 5.2 | 3611 | 5.9 | 7730 | 5.7 | 2653 | 6.3 | 869 | 5.9 | 432 | 5.7 |
| Diabetes | 12 577 | 0.4 | 2299 | 3.8 | 1078 | 0.8 | 1037 | 2.5 | 345 | 2.4 | 270 | 3.6 |
| Personal history of CVD | 1359 | 0.04 | 768 | 1.3 | 122 | 0.1 | 117 | 0.3 | 51 | 0.4 | 38 | 0.5 |
| Personal history of stroke | 2444 | 0.1 | 294 | 0.5 | 139 | 0.1 | 89 | 0.2 | 36 | 0.3 | 27 | 0.4 |
| Personal history of pulmonary embolism | 2742 | 0.1 | 156 | 0.3 | 143 | 0.1 | 92 | 0.2 | 29 | 0.2 | 28 | 0.4 |
| Cardiac malformations | 3242 | 0.1 | 377 | 0.6 | 155 | 0.1 | 60 | 0.1 | 21 | 0.1 | 11 | 0.2 |
| Personal history of inflammatory disease | 28 452 | 0.9 | 1 166 | 1.9 | 1 318 | 1.0 | 612 | 1.5 | 258 | 1.8 | 190 | 2.5 |
| Personal history of HIV | 5205 | 0.2 | 349 | 0.6 | 284 | 0.2 | 198 | 0.5 | 73 | 0.5 | 50 | 0.7 |
Abbreviations: CVD: cardiovascular diseases including acute coronary syndrome and heart failure; HIV: human immunodeficiency virus.
a
Providing free access to health care for people with an annual income less than 60% of the poverty threshold (CMUc).