TABLE 2.
Adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of missed hypertension and overidentified hypertension when using 1st blood pressure only based on multinomial logistic regression
| NHANES‐USA | MMM‐Nepal | MMM‐India | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Missed hypertension | a cases/total | a cases/total | a cases/total | |||
| Age, per 5 years | 1.07 (1.04, 1.11)* | 1.09 (1.04, 1.14)* | 1.04 (0.99, 1.08) | |||
| Male | 1.24 (0.98, 1.57) | 1.45 (1.07, 1.96)* | 1.25 (0.95, 1.65) | |||
| First SBP, <120 mmHg | 15/16 432 | ref | 28/6 334 | ref | 34/2 033 | ref |
| 120 ≤ SBP <130 mmHg | 76/6 556 | 8.08 (4.60, 14.21)* | 60/3 257 | 2.28 (1.42, 3.68)* | 74/1 571 | 1.87 (1.19, 2.96)* |
| 130 ≤ SBP <140 mmHg | 247/3 316 | 45.53 (26.49, 78.26)* | 127/2 076 | 7.76 (4.94, 12.18)* | 114/1 066 | 4.35 (2.77, 6.83)* |
| 140 ≤ SBP <150 mmHg | 0/1 061 | – | 0/768 | 0/530 | ||
| SBP ≥150 mmHg | 0/1 758 | – | 0/990 | 0/883 | ||
| First DBP, <70 mmHg | 56/13 784 | ref | 9/2 863 | ref | 24/1 128 | ref |
| 70 ≤ DBP <80 mmHg | 92/9836 | 1.40 (1.00, 1.97)* | 36/4 720 | 1.53 (0.73, 3.23) | 46/2 107 | 0.76 (0.45, 1.28) |
| 80 ≤ DBP <90 mmHg | 190/4 331 | 4.53 (3.31, 6.20)* | 170/3 933 | 5.59 (2.76, 11.35)* | 152/1 793 | 2.37 (1.44, 3.91)* |
| 90 ≤ DBP <100 mmHg | 0/892 | – | 0/1268 | 0/696 | ||
| DBP ≥100 mmHg | 0/280 | – | 0/641 | 0/359 | ||
| Overidentified hypertension | ||||||
| Age, per 5 years | 1.08 (1.05, 1.10)* | 0.88 (0.85, 0.90)* | 0.96 (0.93, 1.00) | |||
| Male | 0.97 (0.83, 1.12) | 0.96 (0.83, 1.12) | 0.89 (0.72, 1.10) | |||
| First SBP, <120 mmHg | 43/16 432 | ref | 63/6 334 | ref | 17/2 033 | ref |
| 120 ≤ SBP <130 mmHg | 134/6 556 | 5.89 (4.14, 8.39)* | 186/3 257 | 3.76 (2.76, 5.13)* | 34/1 571 | 2.68 (1.45, 4.96)* |
| 130 ≤ SBP <140 mmHg | 135/3 316 | 8.15 (5.64, 11.77)* | 227/2 076 | 5.01 (3.63, 6.89)* | 99/1 066 | 9.73 (5.51, 17.19)* |
| 140 ≤ SBP <150 mmHg | 769/1 061 | 160.66 (114.52, 225.39)* | 576/768 | 40.26 (29.43, 55.07)* | 249/530 | 47.20 (26.78, 83.16)* |
| SBP ≥150 mmHg | 72/1 758 | 4.84 (3.14, 7.46)* | 103/990 | 5.09 (3.51, 7.39)* | 67/883 | 8.82 (4.75, 16.38)* |
| First DBP, <70 mmHg | 244/13 784 | ref | 39/2 863 | ref | 25/1 128 | ref |
| 70 ≤ DBP <80 mmHg | 300/9836 | 1.03 (0.85, 1.25) | 130/4 720 | 1.30 (0.89, 1.90) | 77/2 107 | 0.84 (0.51, 1.38) |
| 80 ≤ DBP <90 mmHg | 246/4 331 | 1.10 (0.89, 1.36) | 306/3 933 | 2.06 (1.42, 2.99)* | 135/1 793 | 0.92 (0.56, 1.50) |
| 90 ≤ DBP <100 mmHg | 362/892 | 9.31 (7.34, 11.80)* | 624/1268 | 10.71 (7.36, 15.59)* | 214/696 | 2.21 (1.35, 3.61)* |
| DBP ≥100 mmHg | 1/280 | 0.03 (0.00, 0.22) | 56/641 | 1.39 (0.87, 2.22) | 15/359 | 0.37 (0.18, 0.75)* |
Model adjusted for age, sex, SBP and DBP. SBP = systolic blood pressure, DBP = diastolic blood pressure. Hypertension was defined as SBP ≥140 mmHg and/or DBP ≥90 mmHg.
a
cases = number of individuals who were missed hypertension or overidentified hypertension when using 1st blood pressure only, total = number of individuals who were correctly diagnosed as hypertensive of normotensive when using 1st blood pressure only.
*
Indicates statistical significance.