TABLE 2.
Age‐standardized mean SBP and DBP in Chinese adults, CHNS 1991‐2015
| Variable | 1991 (n = 8604) | 1993 (n = 8203) | 1997 (n = 8592) | 2000 (n = 9473) | 2004 (n = 9209) | 2006 (n = 9165) | 2009 (n = 9499) | 2011 (n = 12 542) | 2015 (n = 11 296) | AAI (mmHg) | Average relative increase (%) | P for age‐adjusted trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SBP (mmHg), mean (95% CI) | ||||||||||||
| Overall | 115.9 (115.5‐116.2) | 116.1 (115.7‐116.4) | 118.8 (118.4‐119.1) | 119.0 (118.7‐119.3) | 120.2 (119.9‐120.5) | 119.1 (118.7‐119.4) | 121.0 (120.7‐121.4) | 120.9 (120.6‐121.2) | 123.6 (123.2‐123.9) | 0.3 | 0.3 | <.001 |
| Age‐group | ||||||||||||
| 18‐39 years | 108.7 (108.4‐109.1) | 109.6 (109.2‐110.0) | 112.2 (111.8‐112.6) | 112.2 (111.8‐112.6) | 113.7 (113.3‐114.2) | 113.0 (112.5‐113.5) | 113.7 (113.2‐114.2) | 114.1 (113.7‐114.6) | 116.0 (115.4‐116.6) | 0.3 | 0.3 | <.001 |
| 40‐59 years | 117.2 (116.5‐117.8) | 117.0 (116.4‐117.7) | 120.1 (119.5‐120.8) | 120.8 (120.3‐121.3) | 121.8 (121.3‐122.3) | 120.8 (120.3‐121.3) | 123.5 (123.0‐124.0) | 123.5 (123.1‐123.9) | 126.8 (126.3‐127.3) | 0.4 | 0.3 | <.001 |
| ≥60 years | 132.5 (131.1‐133.9) | 131.5 (130.2‐132.8) | 133.8 (132.7‐134.9) | 133.9 (132.9‐134.9) | 134.4 (133.4‐135.3) | 131.9 (131.0‐132.7) | 135.7 (134.9‐136.5) | 133.7 (133.1‐134.4) | 137.4 (136.8‐137.9) | 0.2 | 0.2 | <.001 |
| Sex | ||||||||||||
| Male | 117.8 (117.3‐118.3) | 117.9 (117.4‐118.4) | 120.6 (120.1‐121.1) | 120.9 (120.5‐121.4) | 122.5 (122.0‐122.9) | 121.3 (120.9‐121.8) | 123.2 (122.7‐123.6) | 123.4 (123.0‐123.8) | 126.7 (126.2‐127.2) | 0.4 | 0.3 | <.001 |
| Female | 114.1 (113.6‐114.6) | 114.4 (113.9‐114.9) | 117.0 (116.5‐117.5) | 117.2 (116.8‐117.7) | 118.0 (117.6‐118.5) | 116.9 (116.5‐117.4) | 119.0 (118.5‐119.4) | 118.7 (118.4‐119.1) | 121.1 (120.7‐121.5) | 0.3 | 0.3 | <.001 |
| DBP (mmHg), mean (95% CI) | ||||||||||||
| Overall | 74.9 (74.6‐75.1) | 75.8 (75.5‐76.0) | 77.1 (76.9‐77.3) | 77.3 (77.1‐77.5) | 77.8 (77.6‐78) | 77.7 (77.4‐77.9) | 79.0 (78.8‐79.2) | 77.8 (77.7‐78.0) | 79.6 (79.4‐79.9) | 0.2 | 0.3 | <.001 |
| Age‐group | ||||||||||||
| 18‐39 years | 71.5 (71.2‐71.8) | 72.7 (72.4‐73.0) | 74.1 (73.8‐74.3) | 74.1 (73.8‐74.4) | 75.1 (74.8‐75.5) | 74.8 (74.5‐75.2) | 75.6 (75.2‐76) | 74.8 (74.5‐75.1) | 76.5 (76.0‐76.9) | 0.2 | 0.3 | <.001 |
| 40‐59 years | 76.5 (76.0‐76.9) | 77.2 (76.8‐77.6) | 78.5 (78.1‐78.9) | 79.1 (78.8‐79.5) | 79.6 (79.2‐79.9) | 79.5 (79.2‐79.8) | 81.5 (81.2‐81.9) | 80.5 (80.2‐80.8) | 82.3 (81.9‐82.6) | 0.2 | 0.3 | <.001 |
| ≥60 years | 80.6 (79.8‐81.3) | 80.9 (80.1‐81.7) | 82.3 (81.7‐82.9) | 82.0 (81.4‐82.5) | 81.2 (80.7‐81.8) | 81.3 (80.8‐81.8) | 82.7 (82.3‐83.2) | 80.5 (80.1‐80.8) | 82.5 (82.2‐82.9) | 0.1 | 0.1 | .001 |
| Sex | ||||||||||||
| Male | 76.3 (75.9‐76.6) | 77.2 (76.8‐77.5) | 78.5 (78.2‐78.8) | 78.8 (78.5‐79.1) | 79.5 (79.2‐79.8) | 79.5 (79.1‐79.8) | 81.0 (80.7‐81.3) | 79.8 (79.5‐80) | 82.2 (81.8‐82.6) | 0.3 | 0.3 | <.001 |
| Female | 73.6 (73.3‐74.0) | 74.5 (74.1‐74.8) | 75.7 (75.4‐76.0) | 75.9 (75.6‐76.2) | 76.2 (75.9‐76.5) | 76.0 (75.7‐76.3) | 77.1 (76.8‐77.4) | 76.2 (75.9‐76.4) | 77.5 (77.3‐77.8) | 0.2 | 0.2 | <.001 |
AAI, average annual increase, AAI was computed by dividing the difference of blood pressure between 1991 and 2015 by the number of years covered; ARI, average relative increase, ARI was calculated by dividing the average annual change by the baseline mean blood pressure in 1991; the mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure values were age‐standardized to the China 2010 Census population; and age‐adjusted trends in mean blood pressure from 1991 to 2015 were assessed by the generalized estimating equation method.