TABLE 1.
Baseline clinical characteristics of the study group and the control group
| Variable | AF group (n = 76) | Control group (n = 75) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 57 (±9) | 54 (±11) | .064 |
| Male sex (n (%)) | 55 (72) | 38 (51) | .010 |
| Height (cm) | 175 (±10) | 172 (±10) | .778 |
| Weight (kg) | 90.2 (±16.5) | 76.3 (±16.1) | <.001 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 29.4 (±4.7) | 25.3 (±4.7) | <.001 |
| Peripheral systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 127 (±13) | 123 (±13) | .131 |
| Peripheral diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 78 (±9) | 76 (±8) | .142 |
| Peripheral pulse pressure (mm Hg) | 48 (±9) | 47 (±9) | .365 |
| Central systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 118 (±14) | 114 (±12) | .033 |
| Central diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 79 (±9) | 77 (±8) | .179 |
| Central pulse pressure (mm Hg) | 39 (±9) | 37 (±8) | .035 |
| Central mean arterial pressure (mm Hg) | 94 (±10) | 91 (±9) | .101 |
| Pulse pressure amplification | 1.24 (±0.14) | 1.30 (±0.13) | .015 |
| Systolic blood pressure amplification | 1.07 (±0.04) | 1.09 (±0.04) | .039 |
| Heart rate (beats per minute) | 58 (±9) | 61 (±7) | .076 |
| Augmentation pressure (mm Hg) | 12 (±6) | 9 (±5) | .001 |
| Augmentation index (%) | 29 (±11) | 23 (±12) | .006 |
| Augmentation index at heart rate of 75 beats per minute (%) | 21 (±11) | 18 (±13) | .085 |
| Pulse wave velocity (m/s) | 8.0 (±1.2) | 7.2 (±1.2) | <.001 |
| Diagnosis of hypertension (n (%)) | 49 (65) | 2 (3) | <.001 |
| Use of beta blockers (n (%)), metoprolol (n (%)), bisoprolol (n (%)), nebivolol (n (%)) | 68 (90) 61 (90) 4 (6) 3 (4) | 0 (0) | <.001 |
| Use of ACEIs, ARBs (n (%)) | 41 (54) | 1 (1) | <.001 |
| Estimated glomerular filtration rate (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 83 (±15) | 88 (±13) | .037 |
| Creatinine (μmol/L) | 84 (19) | 75 (13) | .001 |
| C‐reactive protein (mg/L) | 2.47 (±3.52) | 1.08 (±1.21) | .003 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.46 (±1.10) | 5.39 (±1.06) | .700 |
| HDL‐cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.41 (±0.46) | 1.67 (±0.45) | <.001 |
| LDL‐cholesterol (mmol/L) | 3.70 (±1.04) | 3.68 (±0.79) | .866 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.52 (±0.70) | 1.34 (±0.75) | .145 |
Values are presented as mean ± SD or count (%).
Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation; ACEIs, angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors; ARBs, angiotensin II receptor blockers.