Table 2.

Association between signet-ring cells and clinicopathological characteristics

Study	Sex (male)	Smoking	Family history	Tumor location (esophageal)	Lymph node metastasis	TNM stage (III/IV)
Chirieac et al[11] 2005	0.722 (0.254-2.053)	-	-	-	-	0.895 (0.522-1.532)
Chirieac et al[11] 2005	0.730 (0.341-1.564)	-	-	-	-	1.855 (0.997-3.454)
Yoon et al[12] 2010	-	-	-	-	-	-
Yendamuri et al[13] 2013	0.975 (0.783-1.214)	-	-	-	-	1.267 (1.060-1.513)
Nafteux et al[14] 2014	0.882 (0.558-1.395)	-	-	0.636 (0.451-0.896)	-	1.048 (0.702-1.563)
Patel et al[15] 2014	0.518 (0.309-0.867)	-	-	-	1.357 (0.907-2.028)	-
Chen et al[16] 2017	1.461 (0.945-2.258)	0.667 (0.495-0.899)	1.157 (0.762-1.757)	-	-	1.095 (0.811-1.480)
Van Hootegem et al[17] 2019	1.138 (0.662-1.956)	-	-	0.888 (0.649-1.216)	0.929 (0.677-1.275)	-
Corsini et al[18] 2020	0.771 (0.460-1.292)	1.061 (0.923-1.219)	-	-	1.038 (0.888-1.215)	-
Sathe et al[19] 2020	1.164 (0.912-1.485)	-	-	-	-	1.832 (1.542-2.177)
Solomon et al[20] 2021	-	-	-	-	-	-
Overall	0.99, 0.87-1.13, P = 0.917	0.86, 0.55-1.35, P = 0.507	1.157 (0.762-1.757)	0.76, 0.61-0.96, P = 0.022	1.05, 0.92-1.20, P = 0.488	1.30, 1.02-1.65, P = 0.031

TNM: Tumor-node-metastasis.