Table 4.
Summary findings of meta-analyses with contradicting direction of effect sizes on squatting positions in Gupta et al.8 Cochrane Review
| Outcome | Intervention (squatting vs supine) | Analysis (MD or RR with 95% CI; number of RCTs; level of evidence) | Results |
|---|---|---|---|
| Duration of second stage of labor | Main analysis | MD= -6.16 (-9.74 – -2.59); 19; Very low | Significant |
| Squatting using birth cushion | MD= -10.64 (-20.15 – -1.12); 3; Not reported | Significant | |
| Squatting using birth stool | MD= -0.57 (-3.83–2.68); 4; Not reported | Non-significant | |
| Squatting using birth chair | MD= -2.63 (-7.03–1.77); 9; Not reported | Non-significant | |
| Assisted births | Main analysis | RR=0.75 (0.66–0.86); 21; Moderate | Significant |
| Squatting using birth cushion | RR=0.50 (0.32–0.78); 2; Not reported | Significant | |
| Squatting using birth stool | RR=0.77 (0.58–1.01); 8; Not reported | Non-significant | |
| Squatting using birth chair | RR=0.91 (0.643–1.30); 8; Not reported | Non-significant |