Figure 1. Baseline fruit and vegetable intake, considering pesticide residue status, and risk of total cancer.

¹ Adjusted for age, height (cm), body mass index (BMI) (quintiles), ethnicity (white/non-white), physical activity (quintile of metabolic equivalent task-hours/week), family history of cancer (yes/no), physical examination in the past 2 years (yes/no), history of colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy (yes/no), mammography in the past 2 years (yes/no, in NHS and NHS II), prostate-specific antigen testing in the past 2 years (yes/no, in HPFS), number of pack-years among ever smokers (never smoker, 1-4.9, 5-19.9, 20-39.9, or ≥40), postmenopausal hormone use (premenopausal/never/past/current, in NHS and NHSII), current multivitamin use (yes/no), regular aspirin use (yes/no), total energy intake (quintiles), alcohol intake (0, 0.1-4.9, 5.0-14.9, 15.0-29.9, or ≥30 g/day), and Alternate Healthy Eating Index score excluding criteria for intake of fruits and vegetables and alcohol (quintiles).

^A Additionally adjusted for intakes of low-pesticide-residue fruits and vegetables (servings/day) and other fruits and vegetables with undetermined residues (servings/day).

^B Additionally adjusted for intakes of high-pesticide-residue fruits and vegetables (servings/day) and other fruits and vegetables with undetermined residues (servings/day).