Table 2. Substrate Scopea.

0.25 mmol of substrate 1, 2–3 equiv of paraformaldehyde 2a, and 2.5 mol % of catalyst 4b, in 2.5 mL of dry cyclohexane (0.1 M) at 25 °C for 72 h, unless otherwise stated.
Using catalyst 4b′.
Using catalyst 4c.
Using catalyst 4d.
Using catalyst 4e.
Concentration: 0.2 M.
Concentration: 0.05 M.
Concentration: 0.025 M.
Reaction for 96 h.
Reaction for 5 days. See the Supporting Information for further details.