Table 2.
Results from logistic regression for factors associated with DSME/S use among patients with newly diagnosed T2DM and patients with insulin in Louisiana
| New T2DM cohort (n=17 918) | Patients with insulin cohort (n=7144) | |||
| Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | |
| Race | ||||
| White (ref.) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Black | 0.99 (0.95 to 1.03) | 0.42 (0.35 to 0.51)* | 1.35 (1.32 to 1.39)** | 3.54 (3.01 to 4.16)** |
| Others | 0.71 (0.61 to 0.84)** | 0.10 (0.05 to 0.16)** | 1.44 (1.31 to 1.59)** | 0.13 (0.10 to 0.16)** |
| Sex | ||||
| Female (ref.) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Male | 0.99 (0.95 to 1.02) | 1.63 (1.34 to 1.97)** | 0.76 (0.74 to 0.77)** | 1.15 (0.99 to 1.32) |
| Insurance | ||||
| Medicare (ref.) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Medicaid | 0.59 (0.51 to 0.58)** | 1.97 (0.63 to 6.22) | 0.33 (0.31 to 0.35)** | 3.40 (1.08 to 10.68)** |
| Private | 1.03 (1.00 to 1.06)** | 1.09 (0.89 to 1.33) | 1.28 (1.25 to 1.32)** | 0.80 (0.69 to 0.93)** |
| Self-pay and unknown | 0.39 (0.34 to 0.44)** | 2.62 (0.36 to 18.96) | 0.25 (0.21 to 0.29)** | 0.33 (0.16 to 0.70)** |
| Smoking | ||||
| Never (ref.) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Current | 0.43 (0.41 to 0.45)** | 0.32 (0.23 to 0.44)** | 0.70 (0.61 to 0.80)** | 1.34 (0.95 to 1.89) |
| Former | 0.56 (0.54 to 0.58)** | 0.34 (0.26 to 0.43)** | 1.20 (1.03 to 1.40)** | 1.29 (1.00 to 1.63)* |
| Medications | ||||
| Lipid-lowering drugs | ||||
| No, ref. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Yes | 1.39 (1.35 to 1.43)** | 0.41 (0.33 to 0.50)** | 1.91 (1.86 to 1.96)** | 0.97 (0.84 to 1.11) |
| Oral glucose-lowering drugs | ||||
| No, ref. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Yes | 11.56 (11.20 to 11.93)** | 1.78 (1.46 to 2.17)* | 4.96 (4.82 to 5.11)** | 3.50 (3.04 to 4.03)** |
| Blood pressure-lowering drugs | ||||
| No, ref. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Yes | 0.65 (0.63 to 0.67)** | 0.60 (0.45 to 0.80)* | 0.79 (0.77 to 0.82)** | 1.32 (1.14 to 1.53)* |
| Clinical risks | ||||
| Elevated HbA1c (>7%) | ||||
| No, ref | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Yes | 8.95 (8.61 to 9.31)** | 5.40 (4.24 to 6.88)** | 5.11 (4.96 to 5.27)** | 1.34 (1.14 to 1.53)** |
| Elevated blood pressure (SBP >130/DBP>80 mm Hg) | ||||
| No, ref | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Yes | 0.28 (0.27 to 0.29)** | 0.62 (0.48 to 0.81)** | 0.40 (0.37 to 0.43)** | 0.69 (0.56 to 0.84)** |
| Elevated total cholesterol (>200 mg/dL) | ||||
| No, ref. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Yes | 1.04 (0.99 to 1.08) | 1.25 (0.98 to 1.58) | 1.29 (1.24 to 1.34)** | 0.96 (0.80 to 1.16) |
| Obesity (BMI >30) | ||||
| No, ref. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Yes | 2.22 (2.17 to 2.28)** | 3.97 (3.11 to 5.07)** | 1.88 (1.74 to 2.03)** | 3.23 (2.68 to 3.88)** |
*<0.05; **<0.0001. Adjusted model included all variables listed in the table.
BMI, body mass index; DBP, distolic blood pressure; DSME/S, diabetes self-management education and support programs; SBP, systolic blood pressure; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus.