Table 2.

Data extraction items from empirical literature sources

Population screened	Measurements	Interventions	Implementation
Country, income group	Number of measurements (1x/2x)	Lifestyle measures*	Cost measures reported
Type of programme (national/others)	Urine dipsticks (protein ±blood)	RAAS blockade	Reported to be cost-effective
Demographic features (age, gender, ethnicity, rural/urban setting)	Urine ACR/PCR only	Antidiabetic medications (any)	Screening strategy adopted or not implemented due to lack of efficacy (eg, policy document)
Workforce involved in screening	SCR/eGFR only	Anti-hypertensive medications (separate from RAAS)
Screening type	Urine+SCR/eGFR	Lipid treatment
Mass screening (yes/no)	POCT	Avoidance of nephrotoxins
Targeted screening (yes/no)	Other tests (eg, cystatin C)	Referral to nephrology service
Hypertensives	Reported CKD prevalence (yes/no)	Referral for KRT
Diabetics
Elderly
Family history of CKD
HIV
Minority group (eg, Indigenous populations)
Others
Risk factors assessed and reported:
BP
Blood glucose
Body weight/BMI
Lipids
Others
Risk stratification (yes/no)

*Smoking cessation, weight reduction measures, dietary measures, etc.

ACR, albumin-creatinine ratio; BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; CKD, chronic kidney disease; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; KRT, kidney replacement therapy (any of haemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, kidney transplantation); PCR, protein creatinine ratio; POCT, point of care test (eg, saliva); RAAS, renin-angiotensin aldosterone system; SCR, serum creatinine.