Table 4.
Adjusted means for each group and intragroup differences compared with the baseline measurement (health-related quality of life and symptoms)
| Adjusted means in each group (95% CI) | Difference in intragroup of adjusted means compared with baseline (95% CI) | ||||||||||||
| Baseline | 6 Months | 12 Months | 18 Months | 24 Months | B-6M | P value | B-12M | P value | B-18M | P value | B-24M | P value | |
| Health-related quality of life and symptoms | |||||||||||||
| Health-related quality of life (ADDQoL-19) | |||||||||||||
| PTI | −1.7 (−1.8 to −1.6) | −1.0 (−1.3 to −0.8) | −1.2 (−1.5 to −0.97) | −0.85 (−1.1 to −0.61) | −0.76 (−0.99 to −0.53) | 0.69 (0.46 to 0.93) | <0.001 | 0.52 (0.27 to 0.76) | <0.001 | 0.89 (0.65 to 1.1) | <0.001 | 0.97 (0.74 to 1.2) | <0.001 |
| PFI | −1.7 (−1.8 to −1.5) | −1.2 (−1.5 to −1) | −1.1 (−1.3 to −0.88) | −1.3 (−1.5 to −1.0) | −0.98 (−1.2 to −0.75) | 0.43 (0.21 to 0.66) | <0.001 | 0.55 (0.32 to 0.78) | <0.001 | 0.4 (0.17 to 0.63) | 0.001 | 0.68 (0.45 to 0.9) | <0.001 |
| CBI | −1.8 (−1.9 to −1.6) | −1.1 (−1.3 to −0.87) | −0.78 (−1.0 to −0.54) | −1.0 (−1.3 to −0.79) | −0.97 (−1.2 to −0.73) | 0.65 (0.42 to 0.88) | <0.001 | 0.98 (0.74 to 1.2) | <0.001 | 0.73 (0.49 to 0.96) | <0.001 | 0.78 (0.54 to 1.0) | <0.001 |
| UC | −2.1 (−2.2 to −1.9) | −1.1 (−1.4 to −0.9) | −1.6 (−1.9 to −1.4) | −1.2 (−1.5 to −1) | −0.92 (−1.2 to −0.69) | 0.92 (0.7 to 1.2) | <0.001 | 0.44 (0.18 to 0.7) | 0.001 | 0.82 (0.59 to 1.1) | <0.001 | 1.1 (0.9 to 1.4) | <0.001 |
| Neuropathic symptom (MNSI) | |||||||||||||
| PTI | 3.1 (3 to 3.2) | – | 2.8 (2.5 to 3.1) | – | 2.4 (2.1 to 2.7) | – | – | −0.29 (−0.61 to 0.02) | 0.07 | – | – | −0.69 (−0.99 to −0.4) | <0.001 |
| PFI | 3.3 (3.0 to 3.6) | – | 2.8 (2.5 to 3.1) | – | 2.9 (2.5 to 3.2) | – | – | −0.55 (−0.86 to −0.23) | 0.001 | – | – | −0.45 (−0.76 to −0.13) | 0.005 |
| CBI | 3.3 (3.1 to 3.4) | – | 2.6 (2.3 to 2.9) | – | 2.8 (2.5 to 3.1) | – | – | −0.67 (−1.0 to −0.31) | <0.001 | – | – | −0.46 (−0.78 to −0.13) | 0.006 |
| UC | 3.3 (3.2 to 3.5) | – | 3.1 (2.9 to 3.5) | – | 2.5 (2.2 to 2.8) | – | – | −0.15 (−0.47 to 0.17) | 0.36 | – | – | −0.82 (−1.1 to −0.54) | <0.001 |
The models were adjusted by the baseline value of dependent variables and time elapsed since diagnosis.
ADDQoL-19, Audit of Diabetes-Dependent Quality of life; B, baseline; CBI, combined intervention for patients and professionals; M, month; MNSI, Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument; PFI, intervention only for healthcare professionals at primary care; PTI, intervention only for patients and family members; UC, usual care or control group.