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Th17 cells are a distinct lineage of CD4+ T cells. Naïve CD4+ T precursors (Thp) can differentiate toward either Th1, Th2, or Th17 phenotype. Differentiation of naïve CD4+ T cells toward a Th17 phenotype requires the presence of TGF-β and IL-6, whereas IL-23 is required for the maintenance of Th17 effector function. Unique cytokines secreted by differentiated Th1 (IFNγ) and Th2 (IL-4) cells inhibit formation of Th17 cells.
