Skip to main content
. 2021 Dec 17;141:105155. doi: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.105155

Table 2.

Druglikeness of the most suited ligands to the active site of angiotensin converting enzyme type-2 receptor. The compound no. 5 (epicatechin) and compound no. 22 (kempferol) proved the best pharmacokinetics, druglikeness, and toxicity features over all other tested compounds.

No. Compound GI absorption
Druglikeness
Toxicity
Lipinski rules violations Ghose rules Veber rules Egan rules Muegge rules Hepatoxicity Carcinogenicity Immunotoxicity Mutagenicity Cytotoxicity
1 Delphinidin High 1 violation Yes Yes 1 violation 1 violation Inactive Active Inactive Inactive Inactive
2 Cyanidin High Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Inactive Active Inactive Inactive Inactive
3 delphinidin 3-(6″-malonylglucoside)-5-malonylglucoside) Low 3 violations 4 violations 2 violations 1 violation 5 violations Inactive Inactive Inactive Inactive Inactive
4 Epigallocatechin High 1 violation Yes Yes Yes 1 violation Inactive Inactive Inactive Inactive Inactive
5 Epicatechin High Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Inactive Inactive Inactive Inactive Inactive
6 Petunidin High Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Inactive Active Active Inactive Inactive
7 Alyssonoside Low 3 violations 4 violations 2 violations 1 violation 4 violations Inactive Inactive Active Inactive Inactive
8 Foeniculoside I Low 3 violations 3 violations 1 violation 1 violation 6 violations Inactive Inactive Active Inactive Inactive
9 Medicoside I Low 3 violations 4 violations 2 violations 1 violation 5 violations Inactive Inactive Active Inactive Inactive
10 Acteoside Low 3 violations 4 violations 2 violations 1 violation 4 violations Inactive Inactive Active Inactive Inactive
11 Protodegalactotigonin Low 3 violations 4 violations 2 violations 1 violation 7 violations Active Inactive Active Inactive Inactive
12 Aloins Low Yes 1 violation 1 violation 1 violation Yes Active Inactive Active Inactive Inactive
13 Cynarotrioside Low 3 violations 4 violations 1 violation 1 violation 4 violations Inactive Inactive Active Inactive Inactive
14 Serotonin High Yes Yes Yes Yes 1 violation Inactive Inactive Inactive Inactive Inactive
15 Luteolin 7-rutinoside-4′-glucoside Low 3 violations 4 violations 1 violation 1 violation 4 violations Active Inactive Active Inactive Inactive
16 Medicoside J Low 3 violations 4 violations 2 violations 1 violation 5 violations Inactive Inactive Active Inactive Inactive
17 Myricetin 3-robinobioside-7-rhamnoside Low 3 violations 4 violations 1 violation 1 violation 4 violations Inactive Inactive Active Inactive Inactive
18 Isoeruboside B Low 3 violations 4 violations 2 violations 1 violation 5 violations Inactive Inactive Active Inactive Inactive
19 Terminalic Acid Low 3 violations 3 violations 1 violation 1 violation 4 violations Inactive Inactive Active Active Inactive
20 3′-Methoxy apiin Low 3 violations 4 violations 1 violation 1 violation 3 violations Inactive Inactive Active Inactive Inactive
21 Ceposide D Low 3 violations 4 violations 2 violations 1 violation 5 violations Active Inactive Active Inactive Inactive
22 Chrysazol Low Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Inactive Inactive Inactive Active Inactive
23 Kempferol (control) High Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Inactive Inactive Inactive Inactive Inactive