Table 3.

Within-group changes in metabolic syndrome and metabolic parameters from baseline to 12 months. Differences were tested with multilevel logistic regression analyses for categorical variables and with multilevel linear regression analyses for continuous variables, combined with a bootstrap procedure in case of a non-normal distribution.

Group	At baseline	At 3 months	At 6 months	At 9 months	At 12 months	Change	P value within
Metabolic syndrome (%)
SMS+	41.9	32.4	28.9	26.8	25.3	−16.5	0.190
SMS−	49.8	37.6	32.9	30.2	28.2	−21.6	0.037
CAU	37.9	41.6	43.1	44.1	44.8	7.0	0.509
Metabolic parameters
cMetS z-score
SMS+	0.44	0.20	0.11	0.06	0.02	−0.42	0.002
SMS−	0.41	0.19	0.16	0.17	0.20	−0.21	0.027
CAU	0.39	0.22	0.23	0.28	0.36	−0.03	0.733
HOMA-IR
SMS+	3.33	3.12	3.04	2.99	2.95	−0.38	0.329
SMS−	3.79	3.70	3.67	3.65	3.63	−0.15	0.658
CAU	3.87	3.81	3.79	3.78	3.76	−0.11	0.842
SBP (mmHg)
SMS+	120	117	116	115	115	−5	0.053
SMS−	121	119	117	117	116	−5	0.010
CAU	119	120	120	120	121	1	0.450
DBP (mmHg)
SMS+	78	76	75	75	74	−4	0.034
SMS−	79	77	77	76	76	−3	0.040
CAU	78	78	78	78	78	0	0.821
Waist (cm)
SMS+	102.9	98.4	96.5	95.4	94.5	−8.4	0.013
SMS−	100.1	98.1	97.2	96.7	96.3	−3.7	0.097
CAU	100.3	97.6	96.5	95.8	95.2	−5.1	0.016
Glucose (mmol/L)
SMS+	5.1	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0	−0.2	0.150
SMS−	5.2	5.1	5.1	5.1	5.1	−0.1	0.371
CAU	5.0	5.1	5.1	5.1	5.2	0.1	0.375
Insulin (pmol/L)
SMS+	100	94	92	90	89	−11	0.376
SMS−	111	110	110	110	110	−2	0.842
CAU	118	114	113	112	111	−8	0.700
Cholesterol (mmol/L)
SMS+	4.7	4.5	4.4	4.4	4.3	−0.4	0.009
SMS−	4.8	4.7	4.7	4.6	4.6	−0.2	0.092
CAU	4.7	4.7	4.7	4.7	4.7	0.0	0.836
HDL (mmol/L)
SMS+	0.94	0.92	0.91	0.90	0.90	−0.04	0.200
SMS−	0.95	0.96	0.96	0.96	0.97	0.02	0.643
CAU	0.87	0.90	0.92	0.92	0.93	0.06	0.022
LDL (mmol/L)
SMS+	3.21	3.05	2.99	2.94	2.91	−0.29	0.027
SMS−	3.24	3.15	3.11	3.09	3.07	−0.17	0.115
CAU	3.25	3.19	3.16	3.15	3.14	−0.11	0.281
TG (mmol/L)
SMS+	1.33	1.27	1.25	1.23	1.22	−0.11	0.441
SMS−	1.39	1.31	1.28	1.26	1.24	−0.15	0.065
CAU	1.39	1.42	1.43	1.44	1.45	0.06	0.593

CAU, care as usual; cMetS z-score, continuous metabolic syndrome Z score; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SMS−, lifestyle intervention without SMS support; SMS+, lifestyle intervention with SMS support; TG, triglyceride.

Statistically significant values (P<0.05) are presented in bold.