Table 2.
Cognition-associated Blood Markers in C+ Patients (21 studies).
| Category marker | Cognition | Baseline | On-therapy | Short-term | Long-term | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inflammation | Objective | - IL-17 - CRP * |
- IL-1β, IL-4, IL-8, IL-12, sTNFRI - CRP * + IL-1β, IL-4, IL-7, IL-5, IL-8, IL-13, IL-17 |
Null finding : TNF-α | - IL-1β, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IFNγ, MCP-1, TNF-α - CRP * + IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-7, IL-12, IL-17, MIP-1β, IGF-1 IL-1β, IL-2, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α (together with 3 neuronal markers, BMI, age and education) explained 71% of the variance in cognition Null findings : IL-6, sTNFRII |
[17,20,[23], [24], [25], [26],[31], [32], [33], [34], [35], [36]] |
| Self-report | / | - IL-1β, IL-6 + IL-4 Δ MCP-1 Null findings: IL-6, IL-10, MCP-1 and sTNFRII |
- IL-6, sTNFRII Null finding: TNF-α |
- IL-6 + IGF-1 Δ sTNFRII Null findings: CRP, IL-6, TNF- α |
[14,19,32] | |
| Sex and stress hormones | Objective | / | / | Null findings : oestradiol, progesterone | / | [15] |
| Blood cells/proteins | Objective | + G-CSF, GM-CSF | Null finding: albumin, hemoglobin, VEGF | Null findings: blood cell concentration, Hb | - GM-CSF, G-CSF, GRL, PLR, SII + G-CSF |
[15,17,27] |
| Self-report | Null finding: albumin, Hb | / | / | / | [14] | |
| Neuronal | Objective | / | Null finding: BDNF, pNF-H | / | Aβ−42, Aβ−40, tau (together with 13 cytokines, BMI, age and education) explained 71% of the variance in cognition Null finding: pNF-H |
[16,18,37] |
| Self-report | / | Null finding: pNF-H | / | / | [18] | |
| Metabolism | Objective | / | / | Null findings: cholesterol, glucose, triglycerides | - rcSO2 | [15,34] |
| Self-report | Null finding: creatinine, LDH | / | / | / | [14] | |
| Epigenetics | Objective | / | / | / | Δ methylation ratio changes in 56 CpG positions * | [22] |
| Self-report | / | / | Δ methylation ratio changes in CpG position cg16936953 | / | [21] |
Note. Short-term = assessment within one week to four months post-chemotherapy. Long-term = assessment within six months to 20 years post-chemotherapy.
+: positive association, -: negative association, Δ: change, * association with cognition factor score measured over time, Aβ: Plasma amyloid beta, C+: chemotherapy-treated patients, CRP: C-reactive protein, G-CSF: Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, GM-CSF: Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, IFNγ: Interferon gamma, IGF-1: Insulin-like growth factor 1, IL: Interleukin, LDH: Lactate dehydrogenase, MCP-1: Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, MIP: Macrophage inflammatory protein, pNF-H: Phosphorylated neurofilament H, rcSO2: regional cerebral tissue oxygen saturation, sTNFRI: Soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor I, sTNFRII: Soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor II, TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor alpha.