Table 3.
Cognition-associated imaging metrics in C+ patients of the included studies (24 studies).
| Category | Cognition | Baseline | On-therapy | Short-term | Long-term | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1W | Objective | + GM density in frontal, temporal, occipital areas † | + Δ GM density in frontal gyrus * | + GM density in frontal, temporal, occipital areas, cerebellum † - GM density in hippocampus, cerebellum * Null finding † |
+ GM density in frontal areas * + Δ cortical thickness * + WM volume increase in corona radiata, SLF * - Δ WM volume reductions in corona radiata * + GM density in temporal areas, cerebellum, insula † Null finding † |
[28,41,[43], [44], [45],50,51] |
| Self-report | / | / | + GM density in frontal gyrus * | / | [55] | |
| DWI | Objective | Null finding † | / | + WM microstructure (FA) in parietal, temporal areas * + Δ WM microstructure (FA) in parietal, frontal, occipital areas * Null findings (FA) *, (FA, MD, RD and AD) † |
- WM microstructure (MD) * Null findings (MD) *, (FA) † |
[38,42,[46], [47], [48],52,53] |
| Self-report | / | / | + WM microstructure (FA) in frontal and parietal tracts * + WM microstructure (FA) in frontal and parietal tracts, corona radiata, cingulate gyrus and corpus callosum * |
Lower network attack tolerance * Null finding (FA) † |
[39,46,53,59] | |
| 18F-FDG-PET | Objective | / | / | / | + metabolism in orbital gyrus * | [54] |
| Self-report | / | / | - metabolism in frontal, temporal areas † | - metabolism in frontal, temporal areas † | [24] | |
| 1H-MRS | Self-report | / | / | / | - choline and myo-inositol concentrations in prefrontal cortex † | [57] |
| Other | Objective | / | / | iron deposition: Null finding † | / | [49] |
| Self-report | / | / | / | 99mTC-TRODAT-1 SPECT: Null finding † | [58] |
Note. Short-term = assessment within two weeks to five months post-chemotherapy. Long-term = assessment within six months to 10 years post-chemotherapy.
+: positive association, -: negative association, Δ: change, *: whole-brain group imaging analysis, †: Region-of-interest group imaging analysis, AD: axial diffusivity, DWI: diffusion-weighted imaging, FA: fractional anisotropy, FDG: fluorodeoxyglucose, GM: gray matter, MD: mean diffusivity, MRI: magnetic resonance imaging, MRS: magnetic resonance spectroscopy, PET: positron emission tomography, R: radial diffusivity, SLF: superior longitudinal fasciculus, SPECT: single-photon emission computed tomography, T1W: T1-weighted MRI, VBM: voxel-based morphometry, WM: white matter.