Table 4. COVID-19 and emotional well-being: comparison of survey results between surgical and primary care residents.

Variable	Residency Type			Sex
	Primary Care  n = 60	Surgery  n = 136	χ2 (φ)	Female  n = 96	Male  n = 98	χ2 (φ)
(Q13) Empathy has increased since the start of COVID-19			5.26 (.164)			6.04 (.197)
Strongly Disagree	3 (5.0%)	13 (9.6%)		9 (9.4%)	7 (7.1%)
Disagree	14 (23.3%)	38 (27.9%)		25 (26.0%)	25 (25.5%)
Neutral	23 (38.3%)	59 (43.4%)		39 (40.6%)	43 (43.9%)
Agree	18 (30.0%)	23 (16.9%)		23 (24.0%)	18 (18.4%)
Strongly Agree	2 (3.3%)	3 (2.2%)		0 (0.0%)	5 (5.1%)
(Q16) Mindfulness (awareness and presence) have increased since the start of COVID-19			2.47 (.113)			6.74 (.187)
Strongly Disagree	3 (5.0%)	16 (30.7%)		8 (8.4%)	11(11.2%)
Disagree	16 (26.7%)	30 (22.2%)		23 (24.2%)	23 (23.5%)
Neutral	22 (36.7%)	47 (34.8%)		31 (32.6%)	37 (37.8%)
Agree	18 (3.0%)	39 (28.9%)		33 (34.7%)	23 (23.5%)
Strongly Agree	1 (1.7%)	3 (2.2%)		0 (0.0%)	4 (4.1%)
(Q17) The feeling of peace has increased since COVID-19			4.88 (.158)			8.39 (.209)
Strongly Disagree	29 (48.3%)	50 (37.0%)		46 (48.4%)	32 (32.7%)
Disagree	16 (26.7%)	50 (37.0%)		31 (32.6%)	34 (34.7%)
Neutral	7 (11.7%)	24 (17.8%)		9 (9.5%)	22 (22.4%)
Agree	7 (11.7%)	9 (6.7%)		8 (8.4%)	8 (8.2%)
Strongly Agree	1 (1.7%)	2 (1.5%)		1 (1.1%)	2 (2.0%)
(Q18) Insight and rationality has increased since COVID-19			5.61 (.230)			5.94 (.175)
Strongly Disagree	5 (8.3%)	16 (11.9%)		12 (12.6%)	9 (9.2%)
Disagree	23 (38.3%)	30 (22.2%)		32 (33.7%)	20 (20.4%)
Neutral	22 (36.7%)	61 (45.1%)		36 (37.9%)	47 (48.0%)
Agree	9 (15.0%)	24 (17.8%)		13 (13.7%)	19 (19.4%)
Strongly Agree	1 (1.7%)	4 (2.7%)		2 (2.1%)	3 (3.1%)
* p-value < 0.05; ** p-value < 0.01; *** p-value < 0.001