Table 1. – Demographics and clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19.
| No. (%) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||
| Characteristic | Total (n=337) | Normotension (n=225) | Hypertension (n=112) | p-value |
| Mean age (range) | 58(18-91) | 54(18-88) | 65(38-91) | <0.0001a |
| Sex | .0209b | |||
| Female | 166(49.3) | 121(53.8) | 45(40.2) | |
| Male | 171(50.7) | 104(46.2) | 67(59.8) | |
| Smoking | 26(7.7) | 18(8.0) | 8(7.1) | 1.00b |
| Onset of symptoms to hospital admission, median (IQR), d | 10 (6-13) | 9(6-12) | 10(7-15) | .1596a |
| Hospitalization, median (IQR), d | 15(11-23) | 15.5(11-24) | 15(11-22) | .9117a |
| Comorbidity—No. (%) | ||||
| Cardiovascular disease | 43(12.8) | 11(4.8) | 32(28.6) | <0.0001b |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 6(1.7) | 0 | 6(5.4) | 0.0012b |
| Diabetes | 49(14.5) | 15(6.7) | 34(30.4) | <0.0001b |
| Chronic bronchitis | 8(2.4) | 4(2.2) | 4(3.6) | .4480b |
| Asthma | 1(0.3) | 1(0.8) | 0(0) | 1b |
| Malignancy | 18(5.3) | 9(4.0) | 9(8.0) | .2924b |
| Liver disease | 24(7.1) | 9(4.0) | 15(13.4) | .0028b |
| Kidney disease | 17(5.0) | 5(2.2) | 12(10.7) | .0022b |
| Allergic physique | 13(3.9) | 11(4.9) | 2(1.8) | .2332b |
| Complication | ||||
| Bacterial infection | 36(10.7) | 23(10.2) | 13(11.6) | .7106b |
| Metabolic acidosis | 14(4.2) | 6(2.7) | 8(7.1) | .0784b |
| Heart failure | 20(5.7) | 10(4.4) | 10(8.9) | .1398b |
| ARDS | 42(12.5) | 18(8.0) | 24(21.4) | .0007b |
| Acute liver injury | 17(5.0) | 11(4.9) | 6(5.3) | 1b |
| Acute kidney injury | 19(5.6) | 8(3.6) | 11(9.8) | .0244b |
| DIC | 4(1.2) | 1(0.4) | 3(2.7) | .1089b |
| Treatments | ||||
| Antiviral treatment | 276(81.9) | 193(85.8) | 83(74.1) | 0.0107b |
| Antibiotics | 302(89.6) | 200(88.9) | 102(91.1) | 0.5763b |
| Chinese Medicine | 186(55.2) | 122(54.2) | 64(57.1) | 0.6430b |
| Glucocorticoid | 150(44.5) | 90(40.0) | 60(53.6) | 0.0202b |
| Immune globulin | 56(16.6) | 36(15.6) | 21(18.4) | 0.3445b |
| Respiratory support | 0.0041 b | |||
| Nasal cannula | 226(67.1) | 158(70.2) | 68(60.7) | |
| Non-invasive ventilation | 26(7.7) | 10(4.4) | 16(14.3) | |
| Invasive ventilation | 16(4.7) | 9(4.0) | 7(6.3) | |
| Disease severity | 0.0014 b | |||
| Moderate | 101(30.0) | 81(36.0) | 20(17.9) | |
| Severe | 186(55.2) | 117(52.0) | 69(61.6) | |
| Critical | 50(14.8) | 27(12.0) | 23(20.5) | |
| Clinical outcomes | .0202 b | |||
| Discharge | 297(87.8) | 205(90.7) | 92(82.1) | |
| Death | 40(11.9) | 20(8.9) | 20(17.9) | |
ARDS: acute respiratory distress syndrome; DIC: Disseminated intravascular coagulation; IQR: interquartile range. a: statistical difference (numerical variable) between normotension and hypertension groups were evaluated by the Mann-Whitney U test. b: statistical difference (categorical variable) between normotension and hypertension groups were evaluated by the Chi-square test.