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. 2021 Jun 16;49(22):12870–12894. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkab509

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© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Nucleic Acids Research.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 8. — Graphical summary of the effect of cytosine modifications on DNA double helix stability and metabolism. DNA methylation (blue) increases DNA duplex stability (1) and reduces in turn helicase (2) and DNA/RNA polymerase (3/4) speed. Oxidation of methylated cytosine to hydroxymethylation (red) results in decreased helix stability (1) and increased helicase (2) as well as DNA/RNA polymerase (3 and 4) speed.