Table 1. Study variables by survey and age band.
| Variable | Haiti 2017 DHS | Mozambique 2015 AIS | Eswatini 2017 SHISM2 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10–14 | 15–19 | 20–24 | 10–14 | 15–19 | 20–24 | 10–14 | 15–19 | 20–24 | 25–29 | |
| HIV status derived from biomarker testing | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||
| Sexual behaviors | ||||||||||
| Self-reported STI status (past 12 months) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||
| Sexually active (past 4 weeks) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||
| Inconsistent condom use (past 12 months) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||
| No condom use at last sex (past 12 months) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||
| Early sexual debuta | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||
| Transactional sex (past 12 months)b | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||
| Multiple sex partners (past 12 months) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||
| Age disparate sex (past 12 months)c | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||
| Experiences of violence d | ||||||||||
| Ever forced sex | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||
| Ever experienced physical violence | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||
| Ever experienced violence (physical, sexual, or emotional)e | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||
| Current experience of violence in past 12 months (physical and/or sexual)e | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||
| Current experience of violence in past month (physical discipline) | ✓ | |||||||||
| Exposure to childhood physical abuse in household (past month) | ✓ | |||||||||
| Substance use (at time of survey) | ||||||||||
| Consumes alcohol regularly | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||
| Alcohol usef | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||
| Uses tobacco | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||
| Orphanhood g | ||||||||||
| Single orphan | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||
| Double orphan | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||
| Orphanhood (either single or double) | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||
| Schooling h | ||||||||||
| Not currently enrolled in school | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||
| Never attended or not currently enrolled in school | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||
aEarly sexual debut is defined as having had first sexual intercourse at or before age 15.
bTransactional sex is defined as having had sex, or been sexually involved with someone, in exchange for cash, gifts, or other material support in the 12 months preceding the survey.
cAge disparate sex is defined as having any reported sexual partner more than 10 years older, out of one’s last three sexual partners.
dQuestions pertaining to violence were only asked of AGYW 17+ in Mozambique.
eReference periods for experience of violence variables differ by age band in Eswatini: the reference period is ever experienced violence for AGYW under age 15 years, and past 12 months for AGYW 15+.
fRegular alcohol consumption (Haiti) defined as drinks alcohol every day or every now and then; alcohol misuse (Eswatini) defined as ever having used alcohol for AGYW 10–14 years per the 2017 SHIMS2 adolescent survey module and as consuming alcohol two or more times per week for AGYW 15+ per the adult survey module.
gQuestions on orphan status were asked on a limited basis among people ages 18 years and older across all study countries.
hQuestions related to school enrollment were asked of all respondents, however the use of this variable for AGYW 18+ in Haiti and Eswatini may be less relevant as a risk factor as does not distinguish between AGYW who have completed their education and AGYW who have dropped out or never attended school.