Table 1.
Baseline Demographics and Clinical Characteristics
| HC | RRMS | PPMS | SPMS* | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Subjects (eyes) | 66 (132) | 178 (351) | 60 (115) | 126 (247) | |
| Age, years, mean (SD) | 35.9 (10.7) | 41.4 (9.9) | 53.3 (10.7) | 51.0 (9.6) | <0.001 a |
| Female, n (%) | 44 (66.7%) | 143 (80.3%) | 33 (55.0%) | 84 (66.7%) | 0.001 b |
| Race, n (%) | |||||
| Caucasian American | 52 (78.8%) | 147 (82.6%) | 46 (76.7%) | 109 (86.5%) | 0.45c |
| African American | 9 (13.6%) | 23 (12.9%) | 10 (16.7%) | 15 (11.9%) | |
| Other | 5 (7.6%) | 8 (4.5%) | 4 (6.7%) | 2 (1.6%) | |
| EDSS, median (IQR) | - | 2.0 (1.0-3.0) | 5.5 (3.0-6.0) | 5.5 (4.0-6.0) | <0.001 d |
| Disease duration, years, median (IQR) | - | 8.0 (4.0-12.0) | 7.5 (4.0-13.0) | 15.5 (9.0-24.0) | <0.001 e |
| On DMT at baseline, n (%) | - | 168 (94.4%) | 24 (40%) | 73 (57.9%) | <0.001 f |
| Eyes with optic neuritis history, n (%) | - | 115 (32.8%) | - | 66 (26.7%) | 0.11c |
| MMP, n (%) | - | 10 (5.6%) | 3 (5.0%) | 7 (5.6%) | 0.28c |
| Number of OCT scans per subject, median (IQR) | 4 (3-5) | 4 (3-5) | 3 (2-6) | 3 (2-5) | 0.73g |
| Follow-up time, years, median (IQR) | 3.5 (1.9-5.7) | 3.4 (2.1-5.7) | 3.6 (1.6-5.7) | 4.3 (2.3-6.6) | 0.07g |
Seven SPMS participants (5.6%) were classified as “relapsing-SPMS” by the treating physician.
One-way ANOVA; Pairwise comparisons by t-test revealed p<0.001 for all comparisons except for PPMS vs SPMS (p=0.16)
Chi-squared test; Pairwise comparisons: Controls vs RRMS (p=0.03), Controls vs PPMS (p=0.18), Controls vs SPMS (p=0.99), RRMS vs PPMS (p<0.001), RRMS vs SPMS (p=0.007), and PPMS vs SPMS (p=0.12)
Chi-squared test
Kruskal-Wallis test; Pairwise comparisons by Wilcoxon rank-sum test revealed p<0.001 for comparisons of SPMS or PPMS with RRMS and p=0.29 for comparison of PPMS and SPMS
Kruskal-Wallis test; Pairwise comparisons by Wilcoxon rank-sum test revealed p<0.001 for comparisons of PPMS or SPMS with RRMS and p=0.45 for comparison of PPMS and RRMS
Chi-squared test; Pairwise comparisons: RRMS vs SPMS (p<0.001), RRMS vs PPMS (p<0.001) and PPMS vs SPMS (p=0.02)
Kruskal-Wallis test
HC: healthy controls; RRMS: relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis; PPMS: primary progressive multiple sclerosis; SPMS: secondary progressive multiple sclerosis; SD: standard deviation, EDSS: expanded disability status scale; IQR: inter-quartile range; DMT: disease-modifying therapy; MMP: microcystoid macular pathology; OCT: optical coherence tomography