Table 5.
Effects of co-variates on longitudinal rates of retinal layer atrophy in MS.
| pRNFL | GCIPL | INL | ONL | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β (95% CI) |
P-value | β (95% CI) |
P-value | β (95% CI) |
P-value | β (95% CI) |
P-value | |
| Follow-up Time (per year) |
−0.59%
(−0.75% to −0.43%) |
<0.001 |
−0.43%
(−0.54% to −0.31%) |
<0.001 |
−0.31%
(−0.38% to −0.24%) |
<0.001 |
−0.25%
(−0.34% to −0.16%) |
<0.001 |
| Age (per 10 year increase) 1,2 |
0.12%
(0.05% to 0.20%) |
0.002 | −0.01% (−0.07% to 0.05%) |
0.66 |
−0.04%
(−0.07 to −0.002%) |
0.04 | −0.02% (−0.06% to 0.03%) |
0.49 |
| Male Sex 1 | 0.13% (−0.01% to 0.28%) |
0.08 | −0.03% (−0.15% to 0.08%) |
0.57 | −0.03% (−0.10% to 0.03%) |
0.36 | −0.010% (−0.09% to 0.08%) |
0.88 |
| African-American Race 1 | 0.01% (−0.20% to 0.23%) |
0.89 |
−0.23%
(−0.40% to −0.07%) |
0.007 | 0.05% (−0.04% to 0.15%) |
0.29 | −0.11% (−0.24% to 0.01%) |
0.07 |
| Disease Duration (per 10 year increase) 1,3 |
0.10%
(0.01% to 0.20%) |
0.03 | 0.01% (−0.07% to 0.08%) |
0.83 |
−0.06%
(−0.10% to −0.002%) |
0.003 |
−0.11%
(−0.16% to −0.05%) |
<0.001 |
| Progressive MS 1 |
−0.34%
(−0.52% to −0.16%) |
<0.001 |
−0.27%
(−0.41% to −0.12%) |
<0.001 |
−0.10%
(−0.18% to −0.02%) |
0.01 |
−0.13%
(−0.24% to −0.03%) |
0.01 |
| EDSS 1 | ||||||||
| ≤1.5 (Reference) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 2.0 to 3.0 | 0.03% (−0.16% to 0.22%) |
0.75 | 0.09% (−0.05% to 0.24%) |
0.20 | 0.07% (−0.02% to 0.15%) |
0.11 | 0.09% (−0.02% to 0.20%) |
0.11 |
| 3.5 to 5.5 | 0.05% (−0.20% to 0.29%) |
0.71 | 0.12% (−0.06% to 0.30%) |
0.20 | 0.10% (−0.001% to 0.21%) |
0.052 |
0.22%
(0.08% to 0.36%) |
0.002 |
| ≥6.0 | 0.16% (−0.10% to 0.42%) |
0.24 | 0.19% (−0.02% to 0.39%) |
0.07 |
0.14%
(0.03% to 0.26%) |
0.01 |
0.16%
(0.01% to 0.31%) |
0.036 |
| History of ON 1 | −0.04% (−0.20% to 0.11%) |
0.59 | 0.08% (−0.04% to 0.20%) |
0.19 | −0.03% (−0.10% to 0.03%) |
0.32 | 0.07% (−0.02% to 0.16%) |
0.13 |
1
Beta coefficient for interaction with time
2
Centered at age 45 years
3
Centered at disease duration 9 years
All estimates are derived from mixed-effects linear regression models including age, race, sex, disease duration, EDSS (quartile), history of ON and their respective interactions with time.
pRNFL: peri-papillary retinal nerve fiber layer; GCIPL: ganglion cell + inner plexiform layer; INL: inner nuclear layer; ONL: outer nuclear layer; CI: confidence intervals; MS: multiple sclerosis; ON: optic neuritis