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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Adv Mater. 2021 Sep 24;33(45):e2007949. doi: 10.1002/adma.202007949

Figure 2. Conventional methods to control key parameters required for organoid development.

Figure 2.

A) Methods to induce physical cues required for organoid formation. B) Biochemical cues to guide organoid development to specific lineages. ECM, extracellular matrix; BMP, bone morphogenetic protein; FGF, fibroblast growth factor; RA, retinoic acid; SHH, sonic hedgehog; EGF, epidermal growth factor. Cerebral organoid. Reproduced with permission.[62] Copyright 2015, National Academy of Sciences. Retinal organoid. Reproduced with permission.[50] Copyright 2012, Elsevier. Kidney organoid. Reproduced with permission.[45] Copyright 2014, Elsevier. Lung organoid. Reproduced with permission.[38] Copyright 2015, Dye et al. Stomach organoid. Reproduced with permission.[11] Copyright 2010, Elsevier. Intestine organoid. Reproduced with permission.[133] Copyright 2019, Elsevier. Cancer organoid. Reproduced with permission.[176] Copyright 2015, Elsevier.