Fig. 6. Induced knockout of GluN1 receptors on nNOS⁺ interneurons impairs the acceleration of noradrenergic signaling by visual input.

(A) Schematic diagram of generating nNOS-CreER^T2;cGrin1^flox/flox mice and AAV-PHP.B-gfaABC1D-GCaMP3. (B) Schematic of viral vector delivery by retro-orbital injection for in vivo astroglia Ca²⁺ imaging. (C) Population data with two-dimensional plots visualizing the mean Ca²⁺ change (y axis) and mean time to peak (x axis) for nNOS-CreER^T2;cGrin1^wt/wt (red) and nNOS-CreER^T2;cGrin1^flox/flox (green) mice during locomotion-alone trials (Motor) and costimulation trials (Costim). (D) Chained-dot plot to compare mean Ca²⁺ change between locomotion-alone and costimulation trials in nNOS-CreER^T2;cGrin1^wt/wt and nNOS-CreER^T2;cGrin1^flox/flox mice [n = 9 fields of view (FOVs) from three mice and n = 11 FOVs from four mice, respectively]. Gray lines connect values from the same mouse. Red and green symbols indicate means ± SEM. Statistical analysis used repeated-measures ANOVA for two groups, followed by Tukey-Kramer correction. (E) Same as (D) but comparing mean time to peak. Gray lines connect values from the same mouse. Red and green symbols indicate means ± SEM. Statistical analysis used repeated-measures ANOVA for two groups, followed by Tukey-Kramer correction. Source data are provided as a source data file.