Table 3.
Adjusted hazard ratios for incident diabetes comparing the second and the third tertiles with the first tertile of creatinine-adjusted urinary phen and paraben concentrations
| Chemical | Reliability of exposure markera | Tertile | Averageb | MPS baselinec | MPS follow-up visit 3d | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | P trend | HR (95% CI) | P trend | HR (95% CI) | P trend | |||
| BPA | Poor | 0.10 | 0.94 | 0.17 | ||||
| T2 | 1.67 (1.22, 2.28) | 1.26 (0.94, 1.69) | 1.08 (0.74, 1.58) | |||||
| T3 | 1.31 (0.94, 1.83) | 0.96 (0.69, 1.33) | 1.29 (0.89, 1.87) | |||||
| BPF | Poor | 0.91 | 0.06 | 0.45 | ||||
| T2 | 1.27 (0.93, 1.74) | 0.61 (0.44, 0.84) | 1.35 (0.94, 1.94) | |||||
| T3 | 1.01 (0.74, 1.37) | 0.77 (0.57, 1.03) | 1.14 (0.79, 1.65) | |||||
| 2,4-diclorophenol | Poor | 0.20 | 0.10 | 0.67 | ||||
| T2 | 1.63 (1.18, 2.23) | 1.65 (1.19, 2.29) | 0.94 (0.64, 1.36) | |||||
| T3 | 1.28 (0.91, 1.80) | 1.36 (0.98, 1.90) | 0.92 (0.64, 1.33) | |||||
| 2,5-diclorophenol | Fair | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.12 | ||||
| T2 | 0.82 (0.60, 1.13) | 0.83 (0.60, 1.13) | 0.80 (0.54, 1.18) | |||||
| T3 | 0.53 (0.38, 0.75) | 0.63 (0.45, 0.89) | 0.72 (0.48, 1.08) | |||||
| Triclosan | Poor | 0.38 | 0.69 | 0.69 | ||||
| T2 | 0.99 (0.72, 1.36) | 1.31 (0.96, 1.79) | 0.70 (0.48, 1.01) | |||||
| T3 | 1.14 (0.84, 1.56) | 1.07 (0.78, 1.47) | 0.89 (0.62, 1.28) | |||||
| Methyl-paraben | Fair | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.002 | ||||
| T2 | 0.67 (0.50, 0.89) | 0.61 (0.45, 0.81) | 1.09 (0.77, 1.55) | |||||
| T3 | 0.40 (0.29, 0.56) | 0.38 (0.27, 0.53) | 0.52 (0.34, 0.78) | |||||
| Ethyl-paraben | Fair | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| ≥LODe | 0.49 (0.38, 0.64) | 0.52 (0.40, 0.67) | 0.59 (0.44, 0.81) | |||||
| Propyl-paraben | Fair | <0.001 | .001 | 0.006 | ||||
| T2 | 0.60 (0.44, 0.80) | 0.67 (0.50, 0.88) | 0.73 (0.52, 1.04) | |||||
| T3 | 0.42 (0.30, 0.58) | 0.36 (0.25, 0.51) | 0.60 (0.41, 0.87) | |||||
| Butyl-paraben | Fair | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| ≥LODe | 0.61 (0.47, 0.79) | 0.82 (0.63, 1.06) | 0.65 (0.48, 0.88) | |||||
| Benzophenone-3 | Fair | 0.001 | 0.65 | 0.13 | ||||
| T2 | 0.80 (0.60, 1.07) | 1.17 (0.87, 1.57) | 0.88 (0.62, 1.24) | |||||
| T3 | 0.55 (0.39, 0.80) | 0.81 (0.57, 1.15) | 0.74 (0.49, 1.10) | |||||
All models were adjusted for age at baseline, site and ethnicity, education levels, physical activity score, menopausal status, smoking status, and total caloric intake. Statistically significant (P < 0.05) HRs (95% CIs) were in bold.
aReliability of exposure marker was determined by intraclass correlation (ICC); poor (ICC < 0.40), fair (0.40 ≤ ICC < 0.60), good (0.60 ≤ ICC < 0.75), and excellent (ICC ≥ 0.75).
bThe models with average of exposures at MPS baseline and follow-up visit 3 were followed from MPS baseline to final SWAN visit.
cThe models with exposures at MPS baseline were followed from MPS baseline to final SWAN visit.
dThe models with exposures at MPS follow-up visit 3 were followed from MPS follow-up visit 3 to final SWAN visit.
eThese chemicals were dichotomized at the limit of detections because of low detections.
BPF, bisphenol F; BPA, bisphenol A.