Development, validation, and comparison of the nomogram: (a) the nomogram to predict cancer-specific survival (CSS) developed from the training set based on competing risk analyses; (b–d) calibration curve analysis of nomogram and the current AJCC staging system (8th edition) in the prediction of prognosis at 1-, 3-, 5-year point for CSS in the training set; (e–g) calibration curve analysis of nomogram and the current AJCC staging system (8th edition) in the prediction of prognosis at 1-, 3-, 5-year point for CSS in the validation set; (h–j) decision curve analysis (DCA) of nomogram and the current AJCC staging system (8th edition) in the prediction of prognosis at 1-, 3-, 5-year point for CSS in the training set; (k–m) DCA of nomogram and the current AJCC staging system (8th edition) in the prediction of prognosis at 1-, 3-, 5-year point for CSS in the validation set. AJCC American Joint Committee on Cancer; LD local destruction; Hx hepatectomy; LT liver transplantation.