Table 2.
Competing risk survival analyses of CHC patients in the training set.
| Factors | No. of patients (n = 367) | Univariable | Multivariate | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P-CSD | P-OCSD | SHR (95%CI) | P | ||
| Year of diagnosis | 0.171 | 0.778 | |||
| 2004–2011 | 203 (55.3) | Reference | |||
| 2012–2018 | 164 (44.7) | 0.789 (0.593–1.050) | 0.100 | ||
| Age | 0.138 | 0.199 | |||
| ≤60 | 164 (44.7) | Reference | |||
| >60 | 203 (55.3) | 1.043 (0.806–1.349) | 0.750 | ||
| Sex | 0.567 | 0.838 | |||
| Female | 112 (30.5) | Reference | |||
| Male | 255 (69.5) | 0.994 (0.729–1.357) | 0.970 | ||
| Race | 0.843 | 0.644 | |||
| White | 277 (75.5) | Reference | |||
| Asia-Pacific | 55 (15.0) | 1.464 (1.047–2.048) | 0.026 | ||
| Black | 31 (8.4) | 1.129 (0.718–1.776) | 0.600 | ||
| Other | 4 (1.1) | 0.728 (0.372–1.425) | 0.350 | ||
| Residence | 0.129 | 0.149 | |||
| Urban | 336 (91.6) | Reference | |||
| Rural | 31 (8.4) | 1.330 (0.921–1.920) | 0.130 | ||
| Income† | 0.369 | 0.384 | |||
| Below the median | 211 (57.5) | Reference | |||
| Above the median | 156 (42.5) | 0.763 (0.573–1.015) | 0.064 | ||
| AFP | 0.980 | 0.320 | |||
| Negative | 94 (25.6) | Reference | |||
| Positive | 177 (48.2) | 0.785 (0.563–1.095) | 0.150 | ||
| Borderline/unknown | 96 (26.2) | 0.789 (0.536–1.160) | 0.230 | ||
| First malignant | 0.009 | 0.001 | |||
| Yes | 316 (86.1) | Reference | |||
| No | 51 (13.9) | 0.815 (0.507–1.310) | 0.400 | ||
| Primary tumor | 0.054 | 0.230 | |||
| Yes | 358 (97.5) | Reference | |||
| No | 9 (2.5) | 1.368 (0.395–4.744) | 0.620 | ||
| Neoadjuvant therapy | 0.079 | 0.463 | |||
| Yes | 17 (4.6) | Reference | |||
| No | 350 (95.4) | 0.603 (0.321–1.134) | 0.120 | ||
| Tumor number | 0.160 | 0.001 | |||
| Single | 342 (93.2) | Reference | |||
| Multiple | 25 (6.8) | 0.662 (0.329–1.331) | 0.250 | ||
| Tumor size | <0.001 | 0.006 | |||
| ≤5 cm | 168 (45.8) | Reference | |||
| >5 cm | 148 (40.3) | 1.438 (1.073–1.927) | 0.015 | ||
| Unknown | 51 (13.9) | 1.337 (0.754–2.370) | 0.320 | ||
| Surgery | <0.001 | 0.068 | |||
| None | 186 (50.7) | Reference | |||
| LD | 20 (5.4) | 0.387 (0.200–0.749) | 0.005 | ||
| Hx | 112 (30.5) | 0.244 (0.176–0.339) | <0.001 | ||
| LT | 49 (13.4) | 0.128 (0.067–0.244) | <0.001 | ||
| Vascular invasion | 0.091 | 0.095 | |||
| No | 249 (67.8) | Reference | |||
| Yes | 118 (32.2) | 1.512 (1.138–2.008) | 0.004 | ||
| Visceral peritoneum invasion | 0.607 | 0.129 | |||
| No | 349 (95.1) | Reference | |||
| Yes | 18 (4.9) | 0.866 (0.351–2.137) | 0.760 | ||
| Extrahepatic invasion | <0.001 | 0.257 | |||
| No | 348 (94.8) | Reference | |||
| Yes | 19 (5.2) | 2.233 (1.3501–3.692) | 0.002 | ||
| Lymph node metastasis | <0.001 | 0.440 | |||
| No | 290 (79.0) | Reference | |||
| Yes | 49 (13.4) | 0.972 (0.669–1.413) | 0.880 | ||
| Unknown | 28 (7.6) | 1.178 (0.664–2.091) | 0.580 | ||
| Distant metastasis | <0.001 | 0.810 | |||
| No | 285 (77.7) | Reference | |||
| Yes | 82 (22.3) | 1.518 (1.076–2.143) | 0.018 | ||
| Grade‡ | <0.001 | 0.227 | |||
| G1-G2 | 90 (24.5) | Reference | |||
| G3-G4 | 151 (41.1) | 1.615 (1.149–2.271) | 0.006 | ||
| Unknown | 126 (34.4) | 0.908 (0.622–1.325) | 0.620 | ||
| Metavir stage | 0.272 | 0.146 | |||
| F0–F3 | 29 (7.9) | Reference | |||
| F4 | 38 (10.4) | 2.004 (1.145–3.510) | 0.015 | ||
| Unknown | 300 (81.7) | 1.429 (0.951–2.147) | 0.086 | ||
CHC combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma; AFP alpha-fetoprotein; LD local destruction; Hx hepatectomy; LT liver transplantation; CSD cancer-specific death; OCSD other cause-specific death; SHR subdistribution hazard ratio; CI confidence interval. †US Census Bureau, Real Median Household Income in the United States [MEHOINUSA672N], retrieved from FRED, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/MEHOINUSA672N, June 26, 2021; ‡G1 well differentiated; G2 moderately differentiated; G3-4 poorly differentiated/undifferentiated.