Table 1.
Characteristics of the participants from the 2009 CHNS according to the hs-CRP classification.
| Variable | 0 ≤ hs-CRP < 1 | 1 ≤ hs-CRP < 3 | 3 ≤ hs-CRP < 10 | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of participants | 1135 | 2015 | 644 | |
| Han nationality, n (%) | 1000 (88.11) | 1750 (86.85) | 567 (88.04) | 0.78 |
| Countryside, n (%) | 816 (71.89) | 1420 (70.47) | 456 (70.81) | 0.54 |
| Male, n (%) | 463 (40.90) | 958 (47.69) | 275 (42.90) | 0.11 |
| Age (years) | 43.74 ± 12.46 | 48.61 ± 12.69 | 50.51 ± 13.82 | <0.01 |
| Sleep duration, n (%) | ||||
| ≤6h | 91 (8.02) | 229 (11.36) | 71 (11.02) | 0.39 |
| 6<h ≤ 8 | 791 (69.69) | 1354 (67.20) | 418 (67.90) | |
| >8 h | 253 (22.29) | 432 (21.44) | 155 (24.07) | |
| BMI (kg/m2), n (%) | ||||
| <18.5 | 142 (12.51) | 141 (7.00) | 58 (9.01) | <0.01 |
| 18.5 ≤ BMI <24 | 766 (67.49) | 1110 (55.09) | 295 (45.81) | |
| ≥24 | 227 (20.00) | 764 (37.92) | 291 (45.19) | |
| WC (cm) | 77.61 ± 8.78 | 82.19 ± 9.40 | 84.36 ± 10.35 | <0.01 |
| Educational level, n (%) | ||||
| Primary school or below | 393 (34.75) | 844 (42.05) | 281 (43.84) | <0.01 |
| Middle school | 607 (53.67) | 936 (46.64) | 303 (47.70) | |
| Technical or vocational degree | 80 (7.07) | 127 (6.33) | 39 (6.08) | |
| College and above | 51 (4.51) | 100 (4.98) | 18 (2.81) | |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 90.39 ± 13.84 | 95.16 ± 23.21 | 99.04 ± 28.07 | <0.01 |
| TG (mg/dL) | 110.17 ± 87.92 | 147.63 ± 133.52 | 169.39 ± 143.62 | <0.01 |
| TC (mg/dL) | 176.26 ± 33.98 | 187.57 ± 36.44 | 195.05 ± 39.52 | <0.01 |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 59.14 ± 17.39 | 55.51 ± 16.87 | 53.49 ± 19.83 | <0.01 |
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | 106.07 ± 31.29 | 114.91 ± 35.48 | 119.22 ± 37.58 | <0.01 |
| Total energy intake (kcal/day) | 2133.42 (1754.86–2580.63) | 2135.38 (1722.36–2590.18) | 2042.47 (1722.58–2395.13) | <0.01 |
| Smoking status, n (%) | 300 (26.48) | 666 (33.12) | 194 (30.27) | 0.02 |
| Alcohol consumption, n (%) | 359 (31.69) | 701 (34.86) | 207 (32.29) | 0.52 |
| Physical activity (MET-h/week) | 140.00 (80.00–248.00) | 142.13 (80.00–245.00) | 146.00 (80.00–245.00) | 0.74 |
| Systolic BP (mm Hg) | 114.01 ± 11.61 | 116.99 ± 10.99 | 117.98 ± 10.71 | <0.01 |
| Diastolic BP (mm Hg) | 74.37 ± 7.92 | 76.42 ± 7.32 | 76.45 ± 7.15 | <0.01 |
| HOMA-IR | 1.94 (1.36–2.86) | 2.25 (1.55–3.35) | 2.53 (1.75–3.96) | <0.01 |
Descriptive analyses of continuous variables were analyzed by means ± standard deviations (SD) or medians (interquartile range) were estimated, and categorical variables were described by number (percentage). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) or Kruskal–Wallis test was used for continuous variables, and chi-square test was used for categorical variables. CHNS: China Health and Nutrition Survey; hs-CRP: high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; BMI: body mass index; WC: waist circumference; BP: blood pressure; TG: total triglyceride; TC: total cholesterol; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; MET: metabolic equivalent; HOMA-IR: the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance.